Abstract: An electronic access key system includes an access device. The access device is configured to receive an electronic access key from a presenter computing system of a presenter and control access to a physical space. The electronic access key was previously digitally signed by an issuer computing system of an issuer associated with the access device by generating a digital signature using a private key of the issuer, which is of a cryptographic key pair that also includes a public key. The access device stores the public key of the issuer associated therewith prior to receiving the electronic access key from the presenter computing system. Upon receiving the electronic access key, access device verifies the electronic access key with the public key of the issuer and denies the presenter access to the physical space if the electronic access key is not verified.

Abstract: An electronic access key system includes an access device. The access device is configured to receive an electronic access key from a presenter computing system of a presenter and control access to a physical space. The electronic access key was previously digitally signed by an issuer computing system of an issuer associated with the access device by generating a digital signature using a private key of the issuer, which is of a cryptographic key pair that also includes a public key. The access device stores the public key of the issuer associated therewith prior to receiving the electronic access key from the presenter computing system. Upon receiving the electronic access key, access device verifies the electronic access key with the public key of the issuer and denies the presenter access to the physical space if the electronic access key is not verified.

Abstract: An electronic door lock includes a motor having a stator and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator. The rotor is configured to rotate a spindle operatively coupled to a deadbolt lock at a 1:1 drive ratio therewith.

Abstract: An access control system includes a verification computing system that stores access rights information and credential proxies received from user devices, receives from a local access control subsystem an input credential and input credential proxy derived therefrom and received from a present user, identifies the access rights information associated with the user according to the input credential proxy and the stored credential proxy, requests and receives a stored credential from the user device of the present user, and compares the stored credential to the input credential to authorize the present user. The access rights information is for each of the users to access spaces with the local access control subsystems. The stored credential proxies are derived from stored credential received by the user devices using an algorithm. The input credential proxies are derived from the input credentials using the algorithm.

Abstract: An electronic door lock includes a controller, a first touch sensor, and a lock operator. The first touch sensor detects touch on an exterior an exterior side of a door. The lock operator is selectively operated by the controller to unlock a deadbolt according to the touch detected by the first touch sensor. The electronic door lock is located on an interior side of the door. The first touch sensor may be electrically coupleable to a deadbolt lock for the deadbolt to act as an electrode of the touch sensor. The first touch sensor may detect the touch capacitively.

Abstract: An electronic door system is disclosed for a door that selectively closes a door opening of a building structure. The electronic door system includes two or more of a gyroscope that senses angular velocity of the door, an accelerometer that senses acceleration of the door, a capacitive sensor that capacitively senses the building structure, or a microphone that senses sound of the door. The electronic door system also includes a controller that assesses a physical position of the door according to the two or more of the gyroscope, the accelerometer, the capacitive sensor, or the microphone.

Abstract: An electronic door lock includes a controller, a first touch sensor, and a lock operator. The first touch sensor detects touch on an exterior an exterior side of a door. The lock operator is selectively operated by the controller to unlock a deadbolt according to the touch detected by the first touch sensor. The electronic door lock is located on an interior side of the door. The first touch sensor may be electrically coupleable to a deadbolt lock for the deadbolt to act as an electrode of the touch sensor. The first touch sensor may detect the touch capacitively.

Abstract: An electronic door lock includes a controller, a first touch sensor, and a lock operator. The first touch sensor detects touch on an exterior an exterior side of a door. The lock operator is selectively operated by the controller to unlock a deadbolt according to the touch detected by the first touch sensor. The electronic door lock is located on an interior side of the door. The first touch sensor may be electrically coupleable to a deadbolt lock for the deadbolt to act as an electrode of the touch sensor. The first touch sensor may detect the touch capacitively.

Abstract: The present invention discloses enzymes having xylanase activity. The xylanases are characterized in that they are active at a temperature of 80.degree. C. or higher. The enzymes are obtainable from anaerobic thermophilic bacteria. The enzymes are suited for use in paper and pulp production processes. The invention also describes cloning and expression of genes having xylanase activity obtained from the deposited strains.