Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a grounding gland for an optical enclosure, comprising a tubular gland body extending along an axial direction between a first end and a second end, the gland body comprising a connecting portion configured to reversibly fasten the gland body inside an opening of the optical closure; a gland base at the gland body second end, comprising one or more electrically conductive studs extending along axial directions across the gland base, such that each stud has an inner portion axially protruding inside the tubular gland body and an outer portion axially protruding outside the gland base for the electrical connection with a grounding cable; one or more terminated grounding wires, each having a proximal portion electrically connected to a stud inner portion inside the tubular gland body and a distal portion extending outside the gland body from a first opening at the gland body first end for the electrical connection to a cable to be grounded housed in the optical closure.

Abstract: A data buffer (23) is positionable between processing devices, such as microcontroller (21) and a digital signal processor (22). Messages are transmitted between the devices via a dual port RAM buffer (31). The amount of storage allocated for transfers in each direction is adjustable via a size register (42) so that, at any particular time, the optimum amount of storage is provided for a transfer in a particular direction. The buffer is particular suited to applications in mobile telephones.

Abstract: A real time clock is arranged to generate output signals indicative of time of day. An oscillating device (101) produces a first clocking signal which is adjusted in response to a calibration value to produce an output clocking signal. A processor (102) re-calculates the calibration value in response to external clocking signals received from a cellular base station for mobile telephones. The clock may be provided within a mobile telephone and the oscillating device may also be used to provide sleep clock signals allowing a high frequency system clock to be de-activated for periods while the telephone is in a stand-by condition.