Abstract: A method of performing single trace inversion to characterize changes in a subsurface region includes obtaining a base seismic trace and a monitor seismic trace of the subsurface region at different respective times. The method includes generating a predicted monitor seismic trace from the base seismic trace by a process including applying a time shift to the base seismic trace, the time shift being derived from estimated velocity perturbations occurring between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, compensating for amplitude changes between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, wherein the time shift is applied to the amplitude changes, and minimizing a difference between the predicted monitor seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace by iteratively estimating the velocity perturbations to obtain final estimated velocity perturbations. Changes of at least part of the subsurface region may be characterized using the final estimated velocity perturbations.

Abstract: A method of performing single trace inversion to characterize changes in a subsurface region includes obtaining a base seismic trace and a monitor seismic trace of the subsurface region at different respective times. The method includes generating a predicted monitor seismic trace from the base seismic trace by a process including applying a time shift to the base seismic trace, the time shift being derived from estimated velocity perturbations occurring between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, compensating for amplitude changes between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, wherein the time shift is applied to the amplitude changes, and minimizing a difference between the predicted monitor seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace by iteratively estimating the velocity perturbations to obtain final estimated velocity perturbations. Changes of at least part of the subsurface region may be characterized using the final estimated velocity perturbations.

Abstract: A lighting fixture lighter includes a frame body including a light transmitting window, a flame generator, and an illumination fixture built-in with the lighter for generating illumination light for illumination purpose. The illumination fixture includes a power source, a light source unit supported within a light compartment and aligning with the light transmitting window, and a light button to activate the light source unit for generating an illumination light, so that the illumination light is emitted out of the light transmitting window for illumination purpose. In order to enhance the light intensity of the light source unit, a light reflector is further provided within the light compartment for reflecting the illumination light from the light source unit, such that the lighter not only provides the traditional ignition function, but also provides an added on illumination function in the single compact lighter housing.