Abstract: A method of performing single trace inversion to characterize changes in a subsurface region includes obtaining a base seismic trace and a monitor seismic trace of the subsurface region at different respective times. The method includes generating a predicted monitor seismic trace from the base seismic trace by a process including applying a time shift to the base seismic trace, the time shift being derived from estimated velocity perturbations occurring between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, compensating for amplitude changes between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, wherein the time shift is applied to the amplitude changes, and minimizing a difference between the predicted monitor seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace by iteratively estimating the velocity perturbations to obtain final estimated velocity perturbations. Changes of at least part of the subsurface region may be characterized using the final estimated velocity perturbations.

Abstract: A method of performing single trace inversion to characterize changes in a subsurface region includes obtaining a base seismic trace and a monitor seismic trace of the subsurface region at different respective times. The method includes generating a predicted monitor seismic trace from the base seismic trace by a process including applying a time shift to the base seismic trace, the time shift being derived from estimated velocity perturbations occurring between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, compensating for amplitude changes between the base seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace, wherein the time shift is applied to the amplitude changes, and minimizing a difference between the predicted monitor seismic trace and the monitor seismic trace by iteratively estimating the velocity perturbations to obtain final estimated velocity perturbations. Changes of at least part of the subsurface region may be characterized using the final estimated velocity perturbations.

Abstract: An internal laser module may be capable of providing a similar high performance as that provided by traditional internally cooled laser modules, but with improved cost efficiency and manufacturability. In the internally cooled laser module, a laser subassembly, such as a coaxial semiconductor laser, may be mounted on a thermoelectric cooler cooler-base with several other components enclosed in a properly designed case.

Abstract: A lighting fixture lighter includes a frame body including a light transmitting window, a flame generator, and an illumination fixture built-in with the lighter for generating illumination light for illumination purpose. The illumination fixture includes a power source, a light source unit supported within a light compartment and aligning with the light transmitting window, and a light button to activate the light source unit for generating an illumination light, so that the illumination light is emitted out of the light transmitting window for illumination purpose. In order to enhance the light intensity of the light source unit, a light reflector is further provided within the light compartment for reflecting the illumination light from the light source unit, such that the lighter not only provides the traditional ignition function, but also provides an added on illumination function in the single compact lighter housing.

Abstract: A coupling apparatus includes a lens disposed between a port, such as a photodetector, and a light source, such as a fiber. The lens is aligned such that light emitted from the light source is focused by the lens onto the port. Between the lens and light source and/or lens and port, a low contrast medium is disposed to reduce reflection that could degrade signal strength.

Abstract: An apparatus and method steer a light through a lens into a receiving port via a steering device. The steering device is located between the lens and a light source. A feedback mechanism adjusts the steering device to correct for aberration.

Abstract: A coupling apparatus includes a lens disposed between a port, such as a photodetector, and a light source, such as a fiber. The lens is aligned such that light emitted from the light source is focused by the lens onto the port. Between the lens and light source and/or lens and port, a low contrast medium is disposed to reduce reflection that could degrade signal strength.

Abstract: An optical interface between an optical fiber and a photodiode is provided. The optical fiber has an end. The optical interface includes a lens located such that a chief ray of an optical signal outputted at said end traverses a center of the lens. The lens may be a ball lens or a lens having an orientation such that the chief ray is incident substantially normal to a center of the lens.

Abstract: A high speed interface for optoelectronic devices is disclosed that includes a housing adapted to receive a distal end of a fiber having a slanted end face. The end face of the fiber is optically coupled to an optoelectronic device mounted in the housing. The fiber cladding between the optoelectronic device and the fiber core may be polished or etched to reduce the thickness of the cladding to reduce the separation distance between the optoelectronic device and the slanted end face of the fiber. The reduced separation distance improves the optical coupling efficiency between the end face of the fiber and the optoelectronic device.

Abstract: An optical interface between an optical fiber and a laser is provided. The optical fiber has a core and an end. The optical interface includes a mirror that is capable of receiving an optical output of the laser and of reflecting the optical output to the end of the optical fiber such that a chief ray of the optical output is incident on the core of the optical fiber. The optical interface also includes a lens located such that the chief ray of the optical output traverses a center of the lens. Such optical interface may be used in a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) having a vertical TO package for un-cooled lasers.

Abstract: An optical thick film formed on a photodetector improves the optical coupling efficiency between the optical fiber and photodetector which are optically coupled. The optical thick film has a refractive index that is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of photodetector upon which the optical matching coating is disposed. Silicone may advantageously be formed as the optical thick film coating on the photodetector.

Abstract: An optical interface between an optical fiber and a photodiode is provided. The optical fiber has an end. The optical interface includes a lens located such that a chief ray of an optical signal outputted at said end traverses a center of the lens. The lens may be a ball lens or a lens having an orientation such that the chief ray is incident substantially normal to a center of the lens.

Abstract: An optical interface between an optical fiber and a laser is provided. The optical fiber has a core and an end. The optical interface includes a mirror that is capable of receiving an optical output of the laser and of reflecting the optical output to the end of the optical fiber such that a chief ray of the optical output is incident on the core of the optical fiber. The optical interface also includes a lens located such that the chief ray of the optical output traverses a center of the lens. Such optical interface may be used in a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) having a vertical TO package for un-cooled lasers.

Abstract: An optoelectronic add/drop multiplexer is disclosed having an optically transmissive block optically coupled to an incoming WDM signal having a two or more incoming optical signals. The add/drop multiplexer further includes one or more drop bandpass filters adapted to remove one or more incoming optical signals from a multi-channel signal flow in a first direction within the optically transmissive block and one or more add bandpass filters adapted to add one or more output optical signals to the multi-channel signal flow in a second direction within the optically transmissive block.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a high speed optical receiver interface includes a housing adapted to receive a distal end of a fiber having a slanted end face. The slanted end face reflects the received signal along a received optical path. The fiber cladding material along the reflected optical path may be polished or etched to reduce the thickness of the cladding to reduce the separation distance between a photodetector and the slanted end face of the fiber. The reduced separation distance also reduces the beamwidth of the reflected signal that is incident upon the photodetector. An exemplary optical receiver may therefore efficiently couple the incident optical signal onto a photodetector with a reduced active area diameter that is capable of operating at increased data rates.

Abstract: A high speed interface for optoelectronic devices is disclosed that includes a housing adapted to receive a distal end of a fiber having a slanted end face. The end face of the fiber is optically coupled to an optoelectronic device mounted in the housing. The fiber cladding between the optoelectronic device and the fiber core may be polished or etched to reduce the thickness of the cladding to reduce the separation distance between the optoelectronic device and the slanted end face of the fiber. The reduced separation distance improves the optical coupling efficiency between the end face of the fiber and the optoelectronic device.