Abstract: A return pump is provided in a coffee beverage preparing device having a brewing unit, to which hot water from a hot water heater can be supplied under pressure, and a beverage outlet which is connected to the brewing unit via an outlet line and via which a freshly brewed coffee beverage can be dispensed into a drinking vessel to be placed thereunder, the return pump being connected on the intake side in a fluid-conducting manner to the outlet line and opening on the delivery side into a drain or a collecting container in order to suction coffee beverage out of the coffee line before, during or after a brewing operation and to conduct the coffee beverage into the drain or collecting container. A controller activates the return pump and the return pump during pre-heating in which hot water is introduced into the brewing unit and/or the outlet line.

Abstract: A beverage preparation apparatus for automatically dispensing hot beverages, in particular coffee beverages, having a hot water preparation unit which supplies hot water to a brewing apparatus, a water pump for conveying pressurized water in the direction of the brewing apparatus, an outlet device connected to the brewing apparatus via a hot beverage line and a controller which controls automatic preparation and dispensing of the selected beverage after beverage selection. The controller varies the brewing pressure at which the hot water is supplied to the brewing apparatus or the throughflow rate at which the hot water is conveyed, over the preparation operation of the selected beverage in accordance with a predetermined or predeterminable profile. The beverage preparation apparatus has a mechanical operating element having an electrical consumer connected to the controller and via which the profile can be predetermined by a user during a beverage preparation operation.

Abstract: Utilization of nitrogen oxides contained in the ambient air including a system and a method with which the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for the production of liquid or solid chemicals.

Abstract: A machine for preparing hot beverages, including a beverage outlet for dispensing a prepared hot beverage, an instantaneous water heater for heating water during preparation of the hot beverage, a flow meter for determining the volume flow of water flowing through the instantaneous water heater, and a drainage valve arranged downstream of the instantaneous water heater in the direction of flow formed as a controlled directional control valve via which water flowing through the instantaneous water heater can be conducted to a waste water line or collection container instead towards the beverage outlet. A control device is provided having a scale detection function for analyzing a scaling level of the instantaneous water heater using measured values of the flow meter. This control device, during scaling level analysis, switches the drainage valve to a switched position in which the fluid flow is conducted from the instantaneous water heater directly to the waste water line or collection container.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a rechargeable battery, in particular as a power supply device for a power tool, has a rechargeable battery housing, at least one energy storage cell, a controller and a display. The rechargeable battery has a detector for detecting and a display for displaying a mechanical deformation on the rechargeable battery housing. A method for open-loop control and closed-loop control of the rechargeable battery is also provided. The method senses a mechanical deformation using the detection device and emits at least one signal using the detector for displaying the sensed mechanical deformation on the display device.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting a critical fall of a rechargeable battery and a rechargeable battery having an apparatus for detecting a critical fall, wherein the rechargeable battery contains a control device having a discharging device and also at least one energy storage device. The apparatus contains at least one sensor for detecting an acceleration value in a predetermined direction, control electronics that are configured to control at least one function of the rechargeable battery and also a fastening element for the at least one sensor, whereby the at least one sensor is mounted pivotably about a point of rotation in relation to the rechargeable battery and is kept essentially in a predetermined spatial position in relation to the rechargeable battery when the rechargeable battery rotates about at least one axis of rotation.

Abstract: A method for determination of an effective machine use of a machine tool, as well as a machine tool that is configured for this purpose. The machine tool has multiple machine axes in order to move a workpiece and/or a tool. A rotary drive drives the workpiece or the tool in order to remove material. A control unit of the machine tool determines a use duration characteristic parameter (T) and an output power characteristic parameter (L) and determines therefrom a machine use characteristic parameter (M). The use duration characteristic parameter (T) describes a duration during which the workpiece is machined by the tool. The output power characteristic parameter (L) describes the applied or required power in order to effect the material removal. The machine use characteristic parameter (M) is determined by the control unit, such that it can be transmitted to an external unit for further evaluation or processing.

Abstract: A method for purifying the exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is conducted through an exhaust gas path in which at least one adsorption element is arranged, to which pollutants contained in the exhaust gas at least partly bind, and in which the at least one adsorption element is regenerated by at least partial desorption of the bound pollutants, and pollutants desorbed from the at least one adsorption element during the desorption process are stored in at least one storage unit.

Abstract: Utilization of nitrogen oxides contained in the ambient air including a system and a method with which the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for the production of liquid or solid chemicals.

Abstract: In a method and an associated brewing apparatus for preparing a hot beverage, in particular a coffee beverage, a quantity of a flavoring source, in particular coffee powder, is introduced into a brewing chamber and then, in a brewing operation, a predeterminable overall quantity of brewing water is passed through the brewing chamber under pressure, in order to enhance the taste quality of the freshly brewed coffee beverages or at least to increase the consistency of the taste. During the brewing operation, a value for the volume flow of the brewing water upstream or downstream of the brewing chamber, and/or for the quantity of the brewing water which has already been passed through, or is still to be passed through, is determined continuously, or at least a number of times, and a controllable backpressure valve downstream of the brewing chamber is activated in accordance with the value determined.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides formed in combustion engines are recycled such that the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for producing liquid or solid chemicals. The nitrogen oxides are recycled by a method including an adsorber material adsorbing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust-gas stream of the combustion engine, removing the adsorber material laden with nitrogen oxides, desorbing the adsorbed nitrogen oxides from the adsorber material, and converting the nitrogen oxides desorbed from the adsorber material into liquid or solid nitrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A machine for preparing hot beverages, including a beverage outlet for dispensing a prepared hot beverage, an instantaneous water heater for heating water during preparation of the hot beverage, a flow meter for determining the volume flow of water flowing through the instantaneous water heater, and a drainage valve arranged downstream of the instantaneous water heater in the direction of flow formed as a controlled directional control valve via which water flowing through the instantaneous water heater can be conducted to a waste water line or collection container instead towards the beverage outlet. A control device is provided having a scale detection function for analyzing a scaling level of the instantaneous water heater using measured values of the flow meter. This control device, during scaling level analysis, switches the drainage valve to a switched position in which the fluid flow is conducted from the instantaneous water heater directly to the waste water line or collection container.

Abstract: A method for determination of an effective machine use of a machine tool, as well as a machine tool that is configured for this purpose. The machine tool has multiple machine axes in order to move a workpiece and/or a tool. A rotary drive drives the workpiece or the tool in order to remove material. A control unit of the machine tool determines a use duration characteristic parameter (T) and an output power characteristic parameter (L) and determines therefrom a machine use characteristic parameter (M). The use duration characteristic parameter (T) describes a duration during which the workpiece is machined by the tool. The output power characteristic parameter (L) describes the applied or required power in order to effect the material removal. The machine use characteristic parameter (M) is determined by the control unit, such that it can be transmitted to an external unit for further evaluation or processing.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides formed in combustion engines are recycled such that the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for producing liquid or solid chemicals. The nitrogen oxides are recycled by a method including an adsorber material adsorbing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust-gas stream of the combustion engine, removing the adsorber material laden with nitrogen oxides, desorbing the adsorbed nitrogen oxides from the adsorber material, and converting the nitrogen oxides desorbed from the adsorber material into liquid or solid nitrogen-containing compounds.

Abstract: A device for cleaning air laden with CO2 present in an enclosed space, including at least one adsorption device for adsorbing CO2 from the air supplied to the adsorption device, a desorption device associated with the adsorption device for desorbing adsorbed CO2, and a removal device for removing the desorbed CO2.

Abstract: A device for cleaning air laden with CO2 present in an enclosed space, including at least one adsorption device for adsorbing CO2 from the air supplied to the adsorption device, a desorption device associated with the adsorption device for desorbing adsorbed CO2, and a removal device for removing the desorbed CO2.

Abstract: A method for purifying the exhaust gas generated by an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine is conducted through an exhaust gas path in which at least one adsorption element is arranged, to which pollutants contained in the exhaust gas at least partly bind, and in which the at least one adsorption element is regenerated by at least partial desorption of the bound pollutants, and pollutants desorbed from the at least one adsorption element during the desorption process are stored in at least one storage unit.

Abstract: In a method and an associated brewing apparatus for preparing a hot beverage, in particular a coffee beverage, a quantity of a flavoring source, in particular coffee powder, is introduced into a brewing chamber and then, in a brewing operation, a predeterminable overall quantity of brewing water is passed through the brewing chamber under pressure, in order to enhance the taste quality of the freshly brewed coffee beverages or at least to increase the consistency of the taste. During the brewing operation, a value for the volume flow of the brewing water upstream or downstream of the brewing chamber, and/or for the quantity of the brewing water which has already been passed through, or is still to be passed through, is determined continuously, or at least a number of times, and a controllable backpressure valve downstream of the brewing chamber is activated in accordance with the value determined.

Abstract: A method for preparing a coffee drink is provided in which, in a brewing process, a pre-specifiable total amount of brewing water is conducted through an amount of powdered coffee. In order to improve the tasting quality of freshly-brewed coffee drinks while, at least, increasing the uniformity of taste characteristics in successively prepared coffee drinks, a total through-flow time for the brewing process is or can be predefined in which the total amount of brewing water is conducted through an amount of powdered coffee.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement of stringed solenoid drives (1, 2, 3), particularly for solenoid valves, wherein each solenoid drive comprises a magnetic circuit with a yoke (4), moveable armature (5), and an excitation coil (6) arranged on the yoke. The magnetic circuits of neighboring solenoid drives have pre-magnetization with the same polarity and at least approximately the same strength. Due to the pre-magnetization, the magnetic potential difference between neighboring magnetic circuits is reduced. The pre-magnetization is thus carried out with the same polarity as the excitation by current flow in the excitation coil.