Abstract: A process and a system for producing a stock solution for production of a ferrofluid is provided. The process includes contacting an acidic solution in a reaction container filled with an excess of a bulk material containing Fe(III) and optionally Fe(II). The acid reacts with the bulk material to form the stock solution (Ls) having dissolved ferric (Fe(III)) and optionally ferrous (Fe(II)) ions which is then separated from the bulk material.

Abstract: A separation apparatus, comprising an identifier arranged to identify the particles in a group of particles that have a specific property, an affinity modifier arranged to modify an affinity of the identified particles relative to that affinity of non-identified particles in an group, and a separator arranged to separate the particles in the group based on their difference in the affinity.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for picking up off a surface objects which are on the surface with a spread remaining equal, wherein of the objects a position on the surface is established, and wherein on the basis of the established position a plurality of pickers are centrally controlled to pick up free objects off the surface and to leave objects with mutual overlap lying on the surface.

Abstract: A separation apparatus is disclosed, comprising: a layerizer arranged to bring a group of particles in a layer on a transport surface with a constant spatial relation of the particles relative to each other in the layer; an identifier arranged to identify particles in the group of particles that have a specific property; a separator arranged to separate the particles in the group based on a difference in affinity between the particles and the separator; an affinity modifier arranged to modify said affinity for identified particles relative to non-identified particles in the group. The layerizer comprises a recirculating transport surface on which the particles of the layer are carried. The transport surface is arranged to move along a transport trajectory as a rigid plane. Further, a method for separation of particles from a group of particles is disclosed.

Abstract: Method and system to convert demolished concrete into a readily recyclable product which is capable to reliably replace virgin feedstock that is used for manufacturing concrete, wherein converting the demolished concrete into the readily recyclable product comprises adding a plurality of information carriers to said product, wherein the plurality of information carriers are regularly distributed into said product by securing that each separate fraction of the product will hold a dedicated information carrier, and wherein each such dedicated information carrier is arranged to refer to information that is characteristic for the fraction of the product in which the dedicated information carrier is contained.

Abstract: The invention is direct to a method and an apparatus for the bulk determination of scrap metal content, said method comprising the steps of providing a scrap metal input; preparing said input for submission to a bulk scanning apparatus; scanning at least part of the scrap metal with a bulk scanning apparatus to determine the composition of the scrap metal; and securing said scrap metal from the step of providing the scrap metal input to the step of scanning at least part of the scrap metal. Said apparatus comprises a scanning container together with a low-intensity neutron scattering device, a laser cutting device and/or magnetic sensing device.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for liberating particles with specific dimensions from a moist Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ash (MSWI ash) material comprising particles with differing dimensions. In an aspect, the method comprises feeding an amount of the material in a particle stream, striking the particle stream with a striking body to impart a sudden change in direction of the particle stream, receiving at least a part of the stricken particle stream on a moving surface, and transporting the received particle stream to an outlet beyond the receiving area where the particle stream is divided in a first fraction rich of particles of a first group of particle dimensions, and at least a second fraction rich of particles of a second group of particle dimensions, which second fraction is substantially depleted of particles of the first group of particle dimensions.

Abstract: A separation apparatus, comprising an identifier arranged to identify the particles in a group of particles that have a specific property, an affinity modifier arranged to modify an affinity of the identified particles relative to that affinity of non-identified particles in an group, and a separator arranged to separate the particles in the group based on their difference in the affinity.

Abstract: A system and method for magnetic density separation of products. The system including a magnet configured to amplify a density gradient in a magnetic liquid for separating the products in the magnetic liquid according to their different density. A plate shape is disposed along a product path where respective products travel through the magnetic liquid. A driving mechanism is configured to drive the plate shape with a reciprocating motion for lowering a static friction of the respective products coming into contact with the plate shape. Accordingly, process continuity can be improved while maintaining a high separation efficiency, in particular by alleviating material build-up and clogging of products at the splitter and other surfaces with minimal disturbance to the process flow.

Abstract: A separation apparatus, comprising an identifier arranged to identify the particles in a group of particles that have a specific property, an affinity modifier arranged to modify an affinity of the identified particles relative to that affinity of non-identified particles in an group, and a separator arranged to separate the particles in the group based on their difference in the affinity.

Abstract: The invention is direct to a method and an apparatus for the bulk determination of scrap metal content, said method comprising the steps of providing a scrap metal input; preparing said input for submission to a bulk scanning apparatus; scanning at least part of the scrap metal with a bulk scanning apparatus to determine the composition of the scrap metal; and securing said scrap metal from the step of providing the scrap metal input to the step of scanning at least part of the scrap metal. Said apparatus comprises a scanning container together with a low-intensity neutron scattering device, a laser cutting device and/or magnetic sensing device.

Abstract: A system and method for magnetic density separation of products. The system including a magnet configured to amplify a density gradient in a magnetic liquid for separating the products in the magnetic liquid according to their different density. A plate shape is disposed along a product path where respective products travel through the magnetic liquid. A driving mechanism is configured to drive the plate shape with a reciprocating motion for lowering a static friction of the respective products coming into contact with the plate shape. Accordingly, process continuity can be improved while maintaining a high separation efficiency, in particular by alleviating material build-up and clogging of products at the splitter and other surfaces with minimal disturbance to the process flow.

Abstract: A separation apparatus, comprising an identifier arranged to identify the particles in a group of particles that have a specific property, an affinity modifier arranged to modify an affinity of the identified particles relative to that affinity of non-identified particles in an group, and a separator arranged to separate the particles in the group based on their difference in the affinity.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for liberating particles with specific dimensions from a moist Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator ash (MSWI ash) material comprising particles with differing dimensions. In an aspect, the method comprises feeding an amount of the material in a particle stream, striking the particle stream with a striking body to impart a sudden change in direction of the particle stream, receiving at least a part of the stricken particle stream on a moving surface, and transporting the received particle stream to an outlet beyond the receiving area where the particle stream is divided in a first fraction rich of particles of a first group of particle dimensions, and at least a second fraction rich of particles of a second group of particle dimensions, which second fraction is substantially depleted of particles of the first group of particle dimensions.