Abstract: An animated cardiac activation map can be created by simulating particle flow over a three-dimensional representation of a cardiac surface. In particular, an electroanatomical mapping system can simulate and display particle flow through a conduction velocity map for the cardiac surface, with the conduction velocity map defining a conduction velocity vector field over the cardiac surface. Particles may be spawned randomly and/or according to a local activation timing map for the cardiac surface. Likewise, particle simulation may be displayed for a preset time interval and/or for a time interval determined by the local activation timing map. Particle simulation may also end if a particle encounters a line of block. Regions of dispersion or breakout can also be identified using the conduction velocity vector field.

Abstract: A high density mapping and ablation catheter includes a tip electrode positioned at its distal end and a plurality of electrodes (e.g., ring electrodes, ring-segment electrodes, spot electrodes, and/or printed traces) disposed proximally of the tip electrode within the distal region. A plurality of conductors extending through the elongate catheter body to electrically connect the tip electrode and other electrodes to a source of ablation energy, an electrophysiology mapping device, and/or a programmable electric stimulator. A switching circuit can be employed, for example to enable a practitioner to selectively activate certain electrodes for ablation, for electrophysiological mapping, for pacing, or to deactivate certain electrodes entirely.

Abstract: A high density mapping and ablation catheter includes a tip electrode positioned at its distal end and a plurality of electrodes (e.g., ring electrodes, ring-segment electrodes, spot electrodes, and/or printed traces) disposed proximally of the tip electrode within the distal region. A plurality of conductors extending through the elongate catheter body to electrically connect the tip electrode and other electrodes to a source of ablation energy, an electrophysiology mapping device, and/or a programmable electric stimulator. A switching circuit can be employed, for example to enable a practitioner to selectively activate certain electrodes for ablation, for electrophysiological mapping, for pacing, or to deactivate certain electrodes entirely.