Abstract: The nitrogen species in a long chain alkenyl succinimide are quantitated and speciated by means of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with speciation being made by chemometrically curve resolving the XPS spectrum.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A succinic acid derivative (SAD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional component of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005–0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE), polyolefin butyrolactam derivatives (BLD), butyrolactam alkoxylates (BLA), tridecanol alkoxylate derivatives (TAD) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A butyrolactam alkoxylate (BLA) and/or a butyrolactam derivative (BLD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional compound of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005-0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: A process for substantially decreasing fouling in a refinery unit. The process comprises preheating a feed to said refinery unit reactor zone and there-after introducing the feed into said refinery unit reactor zone for reaction. The feed is preheated for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cause an effective amount of any polymers and/or oligomers contained in feed to decompose or unzip to substantially reduce fouling in the refinery unit.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A succinic acid derivative (SAD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional component of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005-0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE), polyolefin butyrolactam derivatives (BLD), butyrolactam alkoxylates (BLA), tridecanol alkoxylate derivatives (TAD) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A butyrolactam alkoxylate (BLA) and/or a butyrolactam derivative (BLD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional compound of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005-0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: A process for substantially decreasing fouling in a refinery unit. The process comprises preheating a feed to said refinery unit reactor zone and thereafter introducing the feed into said refinery unit reactor zone for reaction. The feed is preheated for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cause an effective amount of any polymers and/or oligomers contained in feed to decompose or unzip to substantially reduce fouling in the refinery unit.

Abstract: A method for removing or reducing coke deposits in a refinery reactor unit utilizing a reactant gas, preferably steam, and catalyst.

Abstract: A process for decreasing fouling in a refinery unit comprising preheating a hydrocarbon feed to a refinery unit reactor zone and thereafter introducing the feed into the refinery unit reactor zone for reaction. The feed contains polymers and oligomers, and is preheated for a time and at a temperature sufficient such that when the feed is introduced into the refinery unit reaction zone for reaction, the combination of the pre-heating and heating attributable to the reaction zone causes at least 85% of the polymers and oligomers contained in the feed to unzip and wherein no more than about 5 wt % coke is formed in said feed during the preheating step.

Abstract: A process for decreasing fouling in a refinery unit.

Abstract: Combustion chamber deposits and intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which uses a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate fuel, by using an unleaded fuel to which has been added an additive selected from the group consisting of low boiling alkyl pyridines, 4-vinylpyridine, DMF, N-formylpiperidine, sulfolane, polyolefin, polyether or polyether amine derivatives of DMF, amidene, or N-substituted-2 pyrrolidones, polyolefin in an amount of at least about 1,000 wppm and mixtures thereof. Functionalized polymer detergents can be used alone and added to the fuels in amounts in of about at least 3,000 wppm.