Abstract: A system comprising an ammonia cracking unit in which ammonia is split into hydrogen and nitrogen and a hydrogen fueling station for fueling of vehicle tanks with hydrogen from the ammonia cracking unit which comprises gas operated valves (GOVs), one or more hydrogen compressing units wherein the hydrogen from the ammonia cracking unit is compressed, and one or more dispensing units for dispensing the compressed hydrogen to vehicle tanks which each comprise a nozzle through which the hydrogen is passed to the vehicle tank, wherein nitrogen from the ammonia cracking unit is used in e.g.: the operation of one or more of the GOVs; for blanketing one or more of said hydrogen compressing units; for blanketing and/or purging one or more of the dispensing units; for drying one or more of the nozzles between uses to prevent nozzle freeze on.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for gasification. The method includes partially oxidizing a concentrated lignin-containing liquor to form a product gas and a particulate, separating the product gas from the particulate, and contacting a lignin-containing liquor feed with the separated product gas. The contacting forms the concentrated lignin-containing liquor. The concentrated lignin-containing liquor includes dry solids content of less than about 65% and a sulfur content of less than about 2%.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for designing perturbation signals to excite a number of input variables of a system, in order to test that system for the purpose of obtaining models for the synthesis of a model-based controller. The method begins with providing input parameters of the system. A plurality of binary multi-frequency (BMF) signals are generated based on these input parameters and the frequency spectra of these BMF signals are calculated. One BMF signal is selected out of the set of BMF signals so that the frequency spectrum of the selected BMF signal most closely matches a desired frequency spectrum specified by the input parameters. The selected BMF signal is used as a first perturbation signal for testing the system. The selected BMF signal is also shifted by predetermined amounts of samples to create delayed copies of the original BMF signal to be used as additional perturbation signals.

Abstract: An exemplary method of improving an initial parametric model of a system by the incorporation of a priori knowledge of the system. The initial parametric model of the system is a model including a plurality of parameters based on analysis of a plurality of input signals and a plurality of output signals. The method includes the steps of determining a set of constraints corresponding to a set of the plurality of parameters and based on the a priori knowledge and then performing a constrained parametric optimization of the system based on the initial parametric model and the set of determined constraints to produce an improved parametric model of the system. The constrained parametric optimization of the initial parametric model does not include the plurality of input signals and the plurality of output signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for designing perturbation signals to excite a number of input variables of a system, in order to test that system for the purpose of obtaining models for the synthesis of a model-based controller. The method begins with providing input parameters of the system. A plurality of binary multi-frequency (BMF) signals are generated based on these input parameters and the frequency spectra of these BMF signals are calculated. One BMF signal is selected out of the set of BMF signals so that the frequency spectrum of the selected BMF signal most closely matches a desired frequency spectrum specified by the input parameters. The selected BMF signal is used as a first perturbation signal for testing the system. The selected BMF signal is also shifted by predetermined amounts of samples to create delayed copies of the original BMF signal to be used as additional perturbation signals.