Abstract: A reactor (100) for electrochemical synthesis is proposed. The reactor (100) comprises a vessel (102) configured to receive a reaction mixture comprising an electrolytic medium and at least one reactant, at least a first electrode (108), and at least a second electrode (110). The first electrode (108) and the second electrode (110) are arranged within the vessel (102) and inter-penetrate one another without electrical contact. The first electrode (108) and/or the second electrode (110) are three dimensionally grid-shaped, the first electrode (108) and the second electrode (110) being arranged so as to allow and/or purposefully direct a flow of the reaction mixture therebetween. Further, a method for carrying out an electrochemical synthesis is pro-posed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating plastics or plastic surfaces with metals, especially plastics composed of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers (ABS) and composed of mixtures of these copolymers with other plastics (e.g. ABS blends), wherein the process comprises the pretreatment of the plastic surfaces with a composition C (etch solution) comprising at least two different ionic liquids IL1 and IL2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating plastics or plastic surfaces with metals, especially plastics composed of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers (ABS) and composed of mixtures of these copolymers with other plastics (e.g. ABS blends), wherein the process comprises the pretreatment of the plastic surfaces with a composition C (etch solution) comprising at least two different ionic liquids IL1 and IL2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating plastic surfaces with metals, especially plastic surfaces composed of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers (ABS) and composed of mixtures of these copolymers with other plastics (ABS blends), using an etch solution (composition C) comprising at least one ionic liquid IL, wherein the process comprises the treating of the plastic surface after the etching with an aqueous rinse solution RS while applying ultrasound.

Abstract: ?-Hydroxycarboxylic esters and ?-lactones which are suitable as flavors can be prepared by electrochemical reductive cross-coupling of ?,?-unsaturated esters with carbonyl compounds in an undivided electrolysis cell having a cathode composed of lead, lead alloys, cadmium, cadmium alloys, mercury, steel, glassy carbon or boron-doped diamonds and a basic aqueous electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt which suppresses the cathodic formation of hydrogen.

Abstract: ?-Hydroxycarboxylic esters and ?-lactones which are suitable as flavors can be prepared by electrochemical reductive cross-coupling of ?,?-unsaturated esters with carbonyl compounds in an undivided electrolysis cell having a cathode composed of lead, lead alloys, cadmium, cadmium alloys, mercury, steel, glassy carbon or boron-doped diamonds and a basic aqueous electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt which suppresses the cathodic formation of hydrogen.

Abstract: ?-Hydroxycarboxylic esters and ?-lactones which are suitable as flavors can be prepared by electrochemical reductive cross-coupling of ?,?-unsaturated esters with carbonyl compounds in an undivided electrolysis cell having a cathode composed of lead, lead alloys, cadmium, cadmium alloys, mercury, steel, glassy carbon or boron-doped diamonds and a basic aqueous electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt which suppresses the cathodic formation of hydrogen.