Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, high isolation and noise figure suppression comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; three quadrature hybrids, two directional couplers; wherein transmit signal entering the transmit port are split into quadrature components and coupled separately and directionally by the two directional couplers to the antenna port where the coupled quadrature components of the transmit signal are recombined in phase, while the transmit leakage to the receive port are recombined destructively in phase; said arrangement simultaneously allows the receive signal entering the antenna port to be split into quadrature components by the antenna quadrature hybrid and transmitted through the directional couplers separately and entering the receive quadrature hybrid where the quadrature components of the receive signal are recombined in phase at the receive port; said arrangement reduces the insertion loss from the antenna

Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, high isolation and noise figure suppression comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; three quadrature hybrids, two directional couplers; wherein transmit signal entering the transmit port are split into quadrature components and coupled separately and directionally by the two directional couplers to the antenna port where the coupled quadrature components of the transmit signal are recombined in phase, while the transmit leakage to the receive port are recombined destructively in phase; said arrangement simultaneously allows the receive signal entering the antenna port to be split into quadrature components by the antenna quadrature hybrid and transmitted through the directional couplers separately and entering the receive quadrature hybrid where the quadrature components of the receive signal are recombined in phase at the receive port; said arrangement reduces the insertion loss from the antenna

Abstract: A three port circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, enhanced high isolation, noise suppression at the receive port and broadband performance comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; wherein each port is connected to a 90 degree combiner/divider or a quadrature hybrid for splitting an input signal into two output components, the said output components have a ninety degrees relative phase difference to each other; each of said 90 degree combiners/dividers or quadrature hybrids in addition to the connection to the above mentioned ports has at least two output connections each of which are connected to a ferrite circulator and if a fourth connection, said fourth connection is attached to a matching load circuit; this arrangement of circuits allows the phase shifted signals from the transmit port to enter the 90 degree combiner/divider or quadrature hybrid and be recombined in phase at the antenna port, any residue signal due to impedance mism

Abstract: A three port circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, enhanced high isolation, noise suppression at the receive port and broadband performance comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; wherein each port is connected to a 90 degree combiner/divider or a quadrature hybrid for splitting an input signal into two output components, the said output components have a ninety degrees relative phase difference to each other; each of said 90 degree combiners/dividers or quadrature hybrids in addition to the connection to the above mentioned ports has at least two output connections each of which are connected to a ferrite circulator and if a fourth connection, said fourth connection is attached to a matching load circuit; this arrangement of circuits allows the phase shifted signals from the transmit port to enter the 90 degree combiner/divider or quadrature hybrid and be recombined in phase at the antenna port, any residue signal due to impedance mism

Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, and high isolation and broadband performance comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; wherein each port is connected to a 90 degree combiner/divider for splitting an input signal into two output components, the said output components have a ninety degrees relative phase difference to each other; each of said 90 degree combiner/dividers in addition to the connection to the above mentioned ports has at least two output connections each of which are connected to a Y-junction and if a fourth connection, said fourth connection is attached to a matching load circuit; this arrangement of circuits allows the portion of the phase shifted signals from the transmit port to enter the antenna 90 degree combiner/divider and be enhanced at the antenna port, while the rest of the signal enters the receive 90 degree combiner/divider and are phased cancelled; said arrangement allows the signals from the antenna port

Abstract: A circulator capable of simultaneous transmit and receive operations, high frequency, and high isolation and broadband performance comprising: an antenna port; a transmission port; a receiving port; wherein each port is connected to a 90 degree combiner/divider for splitting an input signal into two output components, the said output components have a ninety degrees relative phase difference to each other; each of said 90 degree combiner/dividers in addition to the connection to the above mentioned ports has at least two output connections each of which are connected to a Y-junction and if a fourth connection, said fourth connection is attached to a matching load circuit; this arrangement of circuits allows the potion of the phase shifted signals from the transmit port to enter the antenna 90 degree combiner/divider and be enhanced at the antenna port, while the rest of the signal enters the receive 90 degree combiner/divider and are phased cancelled; said arrangement allows the signals from the antenna port

Abstract: A multiple quantum well birefringent spatial light modulator has a substrate, multiple quantum well layers thereon, contacts for applying a biasing electric field across the multiple quantum well layers; and a component for varying the biasing electric field to produce birefringence in the multiple quantum well layer enhanced by the Stark effect and thereby effecting modulation of light exiting therefrom. The electric field may be varied directly by varying the voltage applied across the contacts or by providing a photodetector in series with the multiple quantum well layers and using a writing beam impinging on a photodetector to vary the field.