Abstract: The present invention provides a novel reference standard, comprising of activated-quenched polysaccharide, for quantifying polysaccharide content in a vaccine composition using nephelometry. The invention also provides a method for preparing the activated-quenched polysaccharide, for use as a reference standard. Further, a nephelometry based method for quantifying the polysaccharides in a multivalent conjugate vaccine is also provided. The reference standard of the present invention, comprising of the activated-quenched polysaccharide, is stable and can be used for accurate quantification of polysaccharides through nephelometry.

Abstract: A method and computing system to recommend potential root causes of failure of an operation of a computer system is provided. An indication of a failed operation is received. A number of change orders (CO) that change one or more configuration items (CIs) that are associated with the operation from a baseline state to the current state of operation is determined. A root cause analysis (RCA) graph is displayed for a selected CO and has a plurality of CIs and connections therebetween in a first display area and a change order timeline in a second display area. Any of the number of CIs that were changed are highlighted. A potential cause listing in a third display area provides a list of highlighted CIs and a percentage indication by each highlighted CI that represents a calculated percentage that the CI is a potential cause of the failed operation.