Abstract: An oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst for reaction in acidic media comprising: a Ru(M1M2M3M4)O2 catalyst, wherein the Ru(M1M2M3M4)O2 catalyst comprises an M1, an M2, an M3 and an M4 co-doped in ruthenium oxide (RuO2), wherein M1 is chosen from Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zi, Al, Ga, Ge, Mg, La and combinations thereof, wherein M2 is chosen from Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zi, Al, Ga, Ge, Mg, La and combinations thereof, wherein M3 is chosen from Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zi, Al, Ga, Ge, Mg, La and combinations thereof, and wherein M4 is chosen from Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zi, Al, Ga, Ge, Mg, La and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface-modified catalyst material comprising platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support; and a phosphate-resistant surface-modifying additive comprising poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF); formed on a surface of the platinum-containing nanoparticles to form surface-modified catalyst nanoparticles. The surface-modifying additive covers between 10 and 40% of the surface of the surface-modified catalyst nanoparticles. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells and methods of mitigating phosphate poisoning are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst for reaction in acidic media comprising: a chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) co-doped ruthenium oxide (RuO2) catalyst, and wherein the chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) co-doped ruthenium oxide (RuO2) catalyst comprises a Cr and a Ni co-doped in a ruthenium oxide (RuO2). Methods of preparing the OER catalyst are disclosed.

Abstract: A cleaning brush includes a brush handle, a brush head connected to the brush handle, and a plurality of bristles attached to the surface of the brush head, the cross section of the bristles in at least some areas on the surface of the brush head is polygonal; a cleaning brush kit includes the cleaning brush and a storage box corresponding to the cleaning brush; a side wall of the storage box is provided with an adsorption member, and the adsorption member enables the storage box to be attached to a smooth and hard surface.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte includes a charge transfer complex polymer matrix with a polar ring polymer matrix and a halogen functionalized sulfone-based plasticizer molecule additive. In some variations, the halogen functionalized sulfone-based plasticizer molecule additive is selected from one or more CCS(?O)(?O), O?S(?O)(CCl)CCl, and O?S1(?O)CC(BR)Cl.

Abstract: A high temperature fuel cell includes an anode, a cathode, a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, phosphoric acid, and a cathode catalyst disposed on the cathode and in contact with the phosphoric acid. The cathode catalyst includes a Pd-containing core or a Pt-containing core, a Pt-containing shell, in a compressed state, on the Pd-containing core, and an anti-phosphate poisoning surface modifier disposed on the Pt-containing shell.

Abstract: A core/shell catalyst, and, a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the core/shell catalyst in a fuel cell. The core/shell catalyst comprises a core surrounded by a shell, the core comprising palladium or a palladium-M1 alloy, the shell comprising a platinum-M2 alloy. M1 is chosen from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper or zinc; and M2 is gold or silver. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs, with phosphoric-acid-contained polymer matrix) employing a core/shell catalyst, and, a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the core/shell catalyst are disclosed.

Abstract: A brush head mounting structure of a liquid spraying brush, includes a connecting base provided at the end of a handle and a mounting base provided on a brush head; the other side of the connecting base with respect to the handle is provided with a slider, one side of the mounting base adjacent to the connecting base is provided with a sliding groove in sliding fit with the slider, a limiting structure is provided between the connecting base and the mounting base, the limiting structure is capable of limiting the connecting base and the mounting base along the sliding direction perpendicular to the slider, both sides of the mounting base corresponding to the sliding groove are provided with elastic arms, the position of the mounting base corresponding to the elastic arm is provided with an avoidance space for the elastic arm to expand outwards.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for enhancing the ionic conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte which comprise incorporating an additive that comprises at least one fluorinated sulfonamide compound selected from the group consisting of formulae (1) to (5) into the polymer matrix: and

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte includes a charge transfer complex polymer matrix with a polar ring polymer matrix and an ethylene carbonate-based small molecule additive. In some variations, the ethylene carbonate-based small molecule additive is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate (O?C1OCCO1) and 4-(fluoromethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (O?C1OC(C)C(CF)O1).

Abstract: A platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst in a fuel cell. Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs, with phosphoric-acid-saturated silicon carbide matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and, a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are disclosed. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs, with phosphoric-acid-contained polymer matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oxygen evolution reduction electrocatalyst includes a pyrochlore compound with the chemical formula Sm2Ru2xM2-2xO7, where M is selected from the group consisting of Ir, Sc, Fe, Cu, Pd, Cr, and Rh, and x is less than 1.0 and greater than or equal to 0.5. Also, a water electrolysis cell includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and the oxygen evolution reduction electrocatalyst.