Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity for performing the switch-over of a protected Label Switched Path (LSP) in (less than) 50 ms. A goal of the preferable arrangement is to move the tasks related to the switch-over away from the CPU to hardware (HW). The ASIC applies a communication protocol to signal a need for a switch-over between two (or several) units without CPU's participation. A unit, for example Sink of protected domain, which has detected a fault, sends a so-called protection message to a protection pair unit of the unit. The protection pair unit interprets the protection message and actives the connection on the protecting unit.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity enable a detection of a connection fault and perform the switch-over in less than 50 ms. CV packets are being sent, for example, 1/10 ms (1 CV packet per 10 ms) or 1/15 ms (1 CV packet per 15 ms). The interval of the CV packets, consequently the frequency for sending CV packet, can be any interval that makes the switch-over time for a protected substantially real-time connection achievable. Moreover, the interval (the frequency) should be such that the interval makes the fault detection from the fault event to occur in less than 50 ms and triggers the switch-over to occur also in less than 50 ms from the occurrence of the fault event.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity enable a detection of a connection fault and perform the switch-over in less than 50 ms. CV packets are being sent, for example, 1/10 ms (1 CV packet per 10 ms) or 1/15 ms (1 CV packet per 15 ms). The interval of the CV packets, consequently the frequency for sending CV packet, can be any interval that makes the switch-over time for a protected substantially real-time connection achievable. Moreover, the interval (the frequency) should be such that the interval makes the fault detection from the fault event to occur in less than 50 ms and triggers the switch-over to occur also in less than 50 ms from the occurrence of the fault event.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the production of pallets (2), which are assembled from several base beams (4) and at least one load deck (3), which is folded to form a deck level (10) comprising essentially prism-shaped stiffeners in the form of deck projections (12), which load deck (3) is anchored to the base beams (4) in that the projections (12) are inserted into recesses (22) in the base beams (4), which recesses (22) have essentially the same shape as the outer cross-section of the projections (12).

Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity for performing the switch-over of a protected Label Switched Path (LSP) in (less than) 50 ms. A goal of the preferable arrangement is to move the tasks related to the switch-over away from the CPU to hardware (HW). The ASIC applies a communication protocol to signal a need for a switch-over between two (or several) units without CPU's participation. A unit, for example Sink of protected domain, which has detected a fault, sends a so-called protection message to a protection pair unit of the unit. The protection pair unit interprets the protection message and actives the connection on the protecting unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating manual dexterity in humans and in particular to an apparatus for evaluating the manual dexterity of humans with an impaired nervous system and/or musculoskeletal system is provided. Manual dexterity and object manipulation is a three dimensional activity and any attempt to evaluate it should take this fact into consideration. A method and apparatus for evaluating manual dexterity and object manipulation in humans comprises a structure to receive a hand and a unit to measure and record omnidirectional forces applied to the hand. Additionally, a connection structure to connect two hands is provided, wherein each hand is capable of transmitting a force onto the other hand via the connection structure. The apparatus may also include a unit to measure and record forces applied by each hand.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity enable a detection of a connection fault and perform the switch-over in less than 50 ms. CV packets are being sent, for example, 1/10 ms (1 CV packet per 10 ms) or 1/15 ms (1 CV packet per 15 ms). The interval of the CV packets, consequently the frequency for sending CV packet, can be any interval that makes the switch-over time for a protected substantially real-time connection achievable. Moreover, the interval (the frequency) should be such that the interval makes the fault detection from the fault event to occur in less than 50 ms and triggers the switch-over to occur also in less than 50 ms from the occurrence of the fault event.

Abstract: A pallet having a plurality of parallel base beams, and a deck joined to the plurality of parallel base beams. The deck includes a web or sheet of material, which is folded to form a deck surface with a plurality of parallel panels adjoining each other, and a plurality of parallel projections on an underside thereof. Each base beam extends upward to contact the underside of the parallel panels, and includes at least one through-recess having a shape which corresponds to a cross-section of a corresponding one of the plurality of parallel projections. The corresponding parallel projection engages the recess thereby forming the pallet with a plurality of spaces to accommodate lifting forks between the plurality of parallel base beams. Lower surfaces of the plurality of parallel projections form lifting surfaces for the lifting forks.

Abstract: A method for receiving a signal used in a synchronous digital telecommunications system, such as the SDH or SONET system, in which pointer interpretation is performed where a receiver has three possible main states, the receiver entering from one main state to another under the control of event number counting. The main states are a normal state, a loss of pointer state and an alarm state. The events including reception of a new pointer indicating a new pointer value, wherein the number of successive new pointers is counted, and, when being in the loss of pointer state, the normal state is entered after the new pointer has been received a predetermined number of times in success. To improve the recovery rate of data transmission, the counting of the new pointers is continued upon transition from the normal state or the alarm state to the loss of pointer state irrespective of the said transition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for an articulated vehicle, for turning the vehicle about within a very limited space. According to the invention, the rear vehicle portion is provided with at least one supporting wheel mounted sideways, the axis of which lies in a vertical plane intersecting the vertical axis of articulation between the front and rear portions of the vehicle.