Abstract: A frequency synthesis system and a frequency generation method of microwave photons based on photoelectric synergy are provided, the system includes an optical frequency comb for generating narrow optical pulse signals with high stability and low phase noise through; an optical frequency doubling/dividing unit for performing frequency doubling or frequency dividing on a repetition frequency of the narrow optical pulse signals output by the optical frequency comb; a photoelectric conversion unit for performing photoelectric conversion on input optical pulse signals, and outputting an electrical frequency comb; a second electrical filter unit for filtering input electrical signals; and a second electrical amplifying unit for performing power amplification on the input electrical signals.