Abstract: A method for anchoring and modifying a nano-drug on the surface of a living cell includes: introducing an active reactive group to a living cell surface by a hydrophobic tail chain of a cell membrane anchoring molecule; modifying the nano-drug surface with a corresponding reactive group; and executing a biological orthogonal click reaction on the active reactive group modified on the living cell surface and the corresponding reactive group modified on the nano-drug surfae, to anchor and modify the nano-drug to the cell surface obtaining a living cell modified with the nano-drug. The method provides a new technical platform for cell modification and has very wide application prospects. Compared with pure cells and pure nano-drugs, a cell drug obtained by the above-mentioned cell modification technology has an optimal treatment effect and provides a new idea and a new drug for treating various diseases.