Abstract: An apparatus and a method for motion vector encoding/decoding, and to an apparatus and a method for image encoding/decoding using same are provided. The apparatus includes a selector of optimal predicted motion vector PMV from candidate motion vector set of current block; a determiner of motion vector prediction mode of current block with selected motion vector prediction mode from multiple motion vector prediction modes by decision criterion prearranged with motion vector decoding apparatus; and an encoder for determining, by determined motion vector prediction mode, optimal PMV or default predicted motion vector into PMV for current motion vector, encoding differential vector between the current block and PMV, and selectively encoding/outputting determined motion vector prediction mode as encoded motion vector prediction mode by the determined motion vector prediction mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a video encoding apparatus. The video encoding apparatus includes a prediction unit for generating a prediction block based on interpolating sub-samples of a reference block referenced by a motion vector of a current block. The video encoding apparatus further includes a subtraction unit for generating a residual block based on subtracting the prediction block from the current block and a transform unit for generating a frequency-transformed block based on transforming the residual block. The video encoding apparatus further includes a quantization unit for generating a quantized frequency-transformed block based on quantizing the frequency-transformed block and an encoding unit for encoding the quantized frequency-transformed block into a bitstream.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to automatically controlling illumination in a building, by recognizing a user ID, detecting the entry into and exit from a building by checking the recognized user ID, checking an illumination list in association with the user ID, and controlling one or more lights in the illumination list.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to providing supplementary services by interworking a packet network and a circuit network and sharing resources used to provide supplementary services therebetween.