Abstract: A composite architectural frame section with subcomponents that meet functional, strength and thermal isolation requirements is assembled using knurling and crimping operations as joining procedures. When properly designed the knurling and subcomponent geometries with proper crimping operations result in an optimal shearing strength between critical subcomponents, thus maximizing the structural performance aspect of the frame section. Various embodiments of this design address requirements for subcomponent features such as: hammer and anvil tips, orientation of knurled and crimped surfaces, design of the knurling wheel components, and the introduction of alternate surface topographies to additional regions of these contacting frame subcomponents. These embodiments serve to maximize the portion of available interface contact surfaces and their friction that can bear shearing forces and, thus, add to the overall shear strength of the frame section.

Abstract: A pre-formed insert with stable dimensions for mechanical insertion into a hollow member and that reduces the Nusselt number and convection across the hollow member. The insert may be formed of a low heat conducting material like PVC and have extensions and internal voids that impede convection in the hollow and conduction through the insert. The inserts may be used in heads and sills of aluminum windows, doors and frames. In one embodiment, an insert is received in an open hollow and may cooperate with an insert in a frame hollow to decrease convection at the head end of a sliding window or door. An insert may be placed within the hollow of a window or door beside a roller assembly.

Abstract: A pre-formed insert with stable dimensions for mechanical insertion into a hollow member and that reduces the Nusselt number and convection across the hollow member. The insert may be formed of a low heat conducting material like PVC and have extensions and internal voids that impede convection in the hollow and conduction through the insert. The inserts may be used in heads and sills of aluminum windows, doors and frames. In one embodiment, an insert is received in an open hollow and may cooperate with an insert in a frame hollow to decrease convection at the head end of a sliding window or door. An insert may be placed within the hollow of a window or door beside a roller assembly.

Abstract: A pre-formed insert with stable dimensions for mechanical insertion into a hollow member and that reduces the Nusselt number and convection across the hollow member. The insert may be formed of a low heat conducting material like PVC and have extensions and internal voids that impede convection in the hollow and conduction through the insert. The inserts may be used in stiles, rails, heads and sills of aluminum windows and doors. In one embodiment an insert is received in an open hollow and may cooperate with an insert in a frame hollow to decrease convection at the head end of a sliding window or door. An insert may be placed within the hollow of a window or door beside a roller assembly.