Abstract: Provided a liquid crystal composition including ceramide, a method of preparing the same, and a cosmetic composition including the same. According to a liquid crystal composition including various types of ceramide of an aspect and a method of preparing the same, the liquid crystal composition not only has high liquid crystal stability that liquid crystal is maintained even after 4 weeks at a high temperature, but also activities of increasing an amount of ceramide, increasing an expression level of aquaporin 3, increasing an amount of filaggrin, increasing an expression level of hyaluronic acid, increasing an expression level of loricrin, increasing an expression level of involucrin, and increasing a thickness of the skin, resulting in effects usefully available for amelioration of the skin conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of printing a nanostructure including: preparing a template substrate on which a pattern is formed; forming a replica pattern having an inverse phase of the pattern by coating a polymer thin film on an upper portion of the template substrate, adhering a thermal release tape to an upper portion of the polymer thin film, and separating the polymer thin film from the template substrate; forming a nanostructure by depositing a functional material on the replica pattern; and printing the nanostructure deposited on the replica pattern to a substrate by positioning the nanostructure on the substrate, applying heat and pressure to the nanostructure, and weakening an adhesive force between the thermal release tape and the replica pattern by the heat.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst including preparing a carbon carrier, and depositing a transition metal single-atom catalyst on the carbon carrier, in which the carbon carrier is surface-treated by an oxidation process, and wherein the deposition is carried out by an arc plasma process.

Abstract: A method of encoding print data performed by a host device is described in which a print request for a compound document is received; objects included in the compound document is classified into predetermined groups based on object attribute information; each of the predetermined groups is compressed according to a preset compression method; and the compressed groups is merged and the merged groups is transmitted to an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A method of encoding print data performed by a host device is described in which a print request for a compound document is received; objects included in the compound document is classified into predetermined groups based on object attribute information; each of the predetermined groups is compressed according to a preset compression method; and the compressed groups is merged and the merged groups is transmitted to an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a scanner configured to scan a plurality of manuscripts, at least one processor configured to generate classification information of the plurality of manuscripts using a scanning result of the plurality of manuscripts, and a display configured to display guide information of the plurality of manuscripts for manuscript classification using the generated classification information.

Abstract: A method of enhancing quality of an image object included in a compound document, and an apparatus for performing the method are provided. The method includes receiving a request to print a compound document including an image object, merging parts corresponding to the image object from among data corresponding to the compound document and enhancing the quality of the image object, and encoding data corresponding to the compound document by using a printer control language (PCL) and outputting the encoded data.

Abstract: A host device for transmitting print data to a printer is configured to generate bitmap image data by using the print data, to extract object attribute information from objects forming the print data, to convert the generated bitmap image data and the extracted object attribute information into a format of a printer command which is capable of being processed by the printer, and to transmit the converted bitmap image data and the converted object attribute information to the printer.

Abstract: A computing device supports pull printing by using a mobile terminal. The computing device may include a user interface unit configured to receive an input selecting a print job and a printing method; a communication unit configured to transmit or receive data; a mobile search management unit configured to search for an available mobile terminal if pull printing by using a mobile terminal is selected as the printing method; a printer driver configured to render print data corresponding to the selected print job into a printable format file; a data transmission management unit configured to transmit the rendered print data to a found mobile terminal by using the communication unit; and a controller.

Abstract: A method of enhancing quality of an image object included in a compound document, and an apparatus for performing the method are provided. The method includes receiving a request to print a compound document including an image object, merging parts corresponding to the image object from among data corresponding to the compound document and enhancing the quality of the image object, and encoding data corresponding to the compound document by using a printer control language (PCL) and outputting the encoded data.

Abstract: A print controlling apparatus includes a user interface to input a printing command of a document displaying a plurality of overlaid objects, a printing data generator to detect a transparency region where a transparency is set, in the overlaid objects, to generate a transparency image by calculating a pixel value of the transparency region, based on the pixel value of each object and the transparency, and to generate printing data comprising the transparency image, and a communication interface to send the printing data to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a scanner configured to scan a plurality of manuscripts, at least one processor configured to generate classification information of the plurality of manuscripts using a scanning result of the plurality of manuscripts, and a display configured to display guide information of the plurality of manuscripts for manuscript classification using the generated classification information.

Abstract: A host device for transmitting print data to a printer is configured to generate bitmap image data by using the print data, to extract object attribute information from objects forming the print data, to convert the generated bitmap image data and the extracted object attribute information into a format of a printer command which is capable of being processed by the printer, and to transmit the converted bitmap image data and the converted object attribute information to the printer.

Abstract: A computing device supports pull printing by using a mobile terminal. The computing device may include a user interface unit configured to receive an input selecting a print job and a printing method; a communication unit configured to transmit or receive data; a mobile search management unit configured to search for an available mobile terminal if pull printing by using a mobile terminal is selected as the printing method; a printer driver configured to render print data corresponding to the selected print job into a printable format file; a data transmission management unit configured to transmit the rendered print data to a found mobile terminal by using the communication unit; and a controller.

Abstract: A printing control method includes searching for an XML paper specification (XPS) attribute file from an XPS file if a command to print the XPS file is received, determining whether the searched XPS attribute file is located within a preset portion of the XPS file, adjusting a structure of the XPS file if the XPS attribute file is not located within the preset portion of the XPS file, and transmitting the XPS file of the adjusted structure to an image forming apparatus. Accordingly, the speed of the image forming apparatus recognizing the XPS file can be enhanced.

Abstract: A print controlling apparatus includes a user interface to input a printing command of a document displaying a plurality of overlaid objects, a printing data generator to detect a transparency region where a transparency is set, in the overlaid objects, to generate a transparency image by calculating a pixel value of the transparency region, based on the pixel value of each object and the transparency, and to generate printing data comprising the transparency image, and a communication interface to send the printing data to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming method which examines validity of an output object using an ROP, for example, and determines whether the output object is printed in a color mode or in a mono mode, is provided. The method includes detecting an output object having a color value from among output objects constituting a mono page, examining the validity of the detected output object, and outputting the detected output object as a mono object if the output object is determined not to be valid. Accordingly, if a mono image having an RGB value is recognized as a color object but is data not to be output on paper or media, the image is recognized as data which are not necessary to be output using color toner, so that only black toner is used. Accordingly, the printing rate increases, and efficiency of processing a printing is enhanced.

Abstract: A printing control method includes searching for an XML paper specification (XPS) attribute file from an XPS file if a command to print the XPS file is received, determining whether the searched XPS attribute file is located within a preset portion of the XPS file, adjusting a structure of the XPS file if the XPS attribute file is not located within the preset portion of the XPS file, and transmitting the XPS file of the adjusted structure to an image forming apparatus. Accordingly, the speed of the image forming apparatus recognizing the XPS file can be enhanced.

Abstract: An image forming method which examines validity of an output object using an ROP, for example, and determines whether the output object is printed in a color mode or in a mono mode, is provided. The method includes detecting an output object having a color value from among output objects constituting a mono page, examining the validity of the detected output object, and outputting the detected output object as a mono object if the output object is determined not to be valid. Accordingly, if a mono image having an RGB value is recognized as a color object but is data not to be output on paper or media, the image is recognized as data which are not necessary to be output using color toner, so that only black toner is used. Accordingly, the printing rate increases, and efficiency of processing a printing is enhanced.

Abstract: A print data output device to select a printer language and a method of selecting a printer language are provided. According to the print data output device, a graphics device interface (GDI) unit may be used to divide print data into objects and to call associated calling functions of the objects. A printer driver may be used to collect and count the called associated calling functions collected of the objects in a corresponding count result, to select an optimum printer language among a plurality of printer languages based on the count results, to receive the objects of the print data from the GDI unit, and to convert the objects into the selected optimum printer language.