Abstract: The present invention relates to an aptamer penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enable receptor-mediated transcytosis and a use thereof. The aptamer of the present invention selectively targets transferring receptor proteins only, rapidly passes through BBB by means of receptor-mediated transcytosis, can effectively transport and deliver various therapeutic agents such as proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and low-molecular weight compounds through simple chemical bonds, exhibits interspecific cross-reactivity in transferring receptors, and is easily chemically modified, and thus is applicable as a drug carrier for nervous system diseases, especially brain and central nervous systems.

Abstract: Provided is a DNA aptamer specifically binding to an insulin receptor, a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes including the same, and a composition for diagnosing diabetes including the DNA aptamer. The insulin receptor aptamer may be effectively used in compositions for preventing or treating insulin-related diseases due to better downstream signaling activity of the insulin receptor than insulin or existing insulin receptor aptamers conventionally used for treatment of insulin-related diseases such as diabetes.

Abstract: Provided are a glypican-3 (GPC3)-specific modified aptamer, and prevention or treatment of hepatoma using the same. The glypican-3-specific modified aptamer of the present invention specifically binds to glypican-3 to be internalized into hepatoma cells, and exhibits anticancer activity through an anticancer agent bound to the aptamer, and therefore, has a selective anticancer effect only for GPC3-expressing hepatoma cells without affecting normal hepatocytes.