Abstract: Reflective or embossed regions are supposed to be illuminated as uniformly as possible over the greatest possible angle range for optical inspection using in one aspect an apparatus for inspection having a passive lighting body spotlighted by a spotlight light source, which body illuminates a test region, as well as at least one optical sensor directed at the test region. The lighting body is configured to be partially transmissible, and the optical sensor is disposed, with reference to the test region, optically beyond the lighting body, detecting the test region through the lighting body, and/or the spotlight light source is directed at the lighting body and the lighting body extends continuously over at least 120° in a section plane that stands perpendicular to the surface of the flat items to be tested or inspected.

Abstract: To avoid occlusion of subordinate errors, so that the precise error is no longer identifiable, an apparatus for comparing two files containing graphics elements and text elements is proposed that contains a memory for the two files, means for splitting the two files into graphics elements and text elements, means for text recognition, raster graphics means for producing a rastered image from the graphics elements, means for comparing the extracted texts and means for comparing the rastered images and also means for, preferably jointly, outputting the two comparison results.

Abstract: Reflective or embossed regions are supposed to be illuminated as uniformly as possible over the greatest possible angle range for optical inspection using in one aspect an apparatus for inspection having a passive lighting body spotlighted by a spotlight light source, which body illuminates a test region, as well as at least one optical sensor directed at the test region. The lighting body is configured to be partially transmissible, and the optical sensor is disposed, with reference to the test region, optically beyond the lighting body, detecting the test region through the lighting body, and/or the spotlight light source is directed at the lighting body and the lighting body extends continuously over at least 120° in a section plane that stands perpendicular to the surface of the flat items to be tested or inspected.

Abstract: To avoid occlusion of subordinate errors, so that the precise error is no longer identifiable, an apparatus for comparing two files containing graphics elements and text elements is proposed that contains a memory for the two files, means for splitting the two files into graphics elements and text elements, means for text recognition, raster graphics means for producing a rastered image from the graphics elements, means for comparing the extracted texts and means for comparing the rastered images and also means for, preferably jointly, outputting the two comparison results.