Abstract: A fully serviceable battery pack architecture can be serviced down to the cell level in a convenient and timely manner without needing to remove the complete battery pack from the vehicle or perform an extensive amount of labor. Such architecture is considered a special cell to pack technology that the cells are held in place by a compressive force providing static friction. The design of the tensioning mechanism allows for such tension to be released and reapplied by a technician using basic tools. A fan circulates the air inside the battery pack in a closed loop through a heat exchanger containing another fluid providing heating and cooling to the pack. Extensive insulation work and minimizing thermal bridging with the environment allows for superior performance, minimizing seasonal range inconsistency, improved efficiency and longevity of such pack in harsh climates where exposure to extreme cold or heat can affect the battery system adversely.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) liver organoid obtained through the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) in laboratory culture medium and a production method of the 3D hepatic organoid are provided. The production method includes the following steps: differentiating the IPSCs into a definitive endoderm in a medium containing Activin A, Wnt3a, and R-spo1 factors; adding 5 ng/ml R-spo 1 during IPSC differentiation to increase an amount of EpCAM+endoderm progenitor cells; cell sorting of the EpCAM+endoderm progenitor cells through a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method; culturing a sorted EpCAM+endoderm progenitor cells in a 3D Matrigel medium of 37° C., 5% CO2, 95% humidity and 7.2-7.5 pH.