Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method for generating an electric current using the microbial fuel cell are disclosed. The microbial fuel cell comprises a housing provided with multiple cell compartments. The cell compartments includes an anode compartment having an anode in a side, and a cathode compartment having a cathode on another side separated by an ion exchange membrane. The anode is a glassy carbon modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite configured to attach a biocatalyst, immersed in a solution. The cathode is a platinum electrode immersed in another solution. The anode and cathode are electrically connected to one another via a resistance to generate electricity. The large specific surface area and biocompatibility of the multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite anode in the microbial fuel cell increases the bacterial biofilm formation and charge transfer efficiency.

Abstract: An aquarium water filtering system includes a first filtering section, a second filtering section, and a third filtering section. The first filtering section has a first housing configured to receive water, perform a first filtering action on the received water, and produce a first filtered water. The second filtering section has a second housing placed horizontally adjacent to the first housing and configured to receive first filtered water, perform a second filtering action on the first filtered water, and produce a second filtered water. The third filtering section has a third housing placed horizontally adjacent to the second housing and configured to receive the second filtered water, perform a third filtering action on the second filtered water, and produce a third filtered water for return to the aquarium.

Abstract: An aquarium photometer system includes a housing unit, an arm, and a mirror. The housing unit includes a light sensor configured to sense light incident on the light sensor and to convert the incident light to a signal. The housing unit also includes an operational amplifier including a first input node, a second input node, and an output node. The operational amplifier is configured to: receive the signal at the first input node, amplify a difference between the signal at the first input node and a signal at the second input node by a gain factor, and output the amplified signal on the output node. The housing unit also includes a potentiometer connected to the operational amplifier and configured to regulate the amplified signal; and a display connected to the potentiometer and configured to show an intensity of light detected by the light sensor based on the regulated amplified signal. The arm at a first end is connected to the housing unit and configured to move the housing unit around an aquarium case.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method for generating an electric current using the microbial fuel cell are disclosed. The microbial fuel cell comprises a housing provided with multiple cell compartments. The cell compartments includes an anode compartment having an anode in a side, and a cathode compartment having a cathode on another side separated by an ion exchange membrane. The anode is a carbon cloth modified with a graphene electrode comprising high-surface-area graphene nanoparticles attached to a biocatalyst. The cathode is a carbon cloth modified with a platinum electrode immersed in a medium. The anode and cathode are electrically connected to one another via a resistance to generate electricity. The large specific surface area and biocompatibility of the graphene anode in the microbial fuel cell increases the bacterial biofilm formation and charge transfer efficiency.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method for generating an electric current using the microbial fuel cell are disclosed. The microbial fuel cell comprises a housing provided with multiple cell compartments. The cell compartments includes an anode compartment having an anode in a side, and a cathode compartment having a cathode on another side separated by an ion exchange membrane. The anode is a glassy carbon modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite configured to attach a biocatalyst, immersed in a solution. The cathode is a platinum electrode immersed in another solution. The anode and cathode are electrically connected to one another via a resistance to generate electricity. The large specific surface area and biocompatibility of the multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite anode in the microbial fuel cell increases the bacterial biofilm formation and charge transfer efficiency.

Abstract: An aquarium water filtering system includes a first filtering section, a second filtering section, and a third filtering section. The first filtering section has a first housing configured to receive water, perform a first filtering action on the received water, and produce a first filtered water. The second filtering section has a second housing placed horizontally adjacent to the first housing and configured to receive first filtered water, perform a second filtering action on the first filtered water, and produce a second filtered water. The third filtering section has a third housing placed horizontally adjacent to the second housing and configured to receive the second filtered water, perform a third filtering action on the second filtered water, and produce a third filtered water for return to the aquarium.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method for generating an electric current using the microbial fuel cell are disclosed. The microbial fuel cell comprises a housing provided with multiple cell compartments. The cell compartments includes an anode compartment having an anode in a side, and a cathode compartment having a cathode on another side separated by an ion exchange membrane. The anode is a carbon cloth modified with a graphene electrode comprising high-surface-area graphene nanoparticles attached to a biocatalyst. The cathode is a carbon cloth modified with a platinum electrode immersed in a medium. The anode and cathode are electrically connected to one another via a resistance to generate electricity. The large specific surface area and biocompatibility of the graphene anode in the microbial fuel cell increases the bacterial biofilm formation and charge transfer efficiency.

Abstract: An aquarium photometer system includes a housing unit, an arm, and a mirror. The housing unit includes a light sensor configured to sense light incident on the light sensor and to convert the incident light to a signal. The housing unit also includes an operational amplifier including a first input node, a second input node, and an output node. The operational amplifier is configured to: receive the signal at the first input node, amplify a difference between the signal at the first input node and a signal at the second input node by a gain factor, and output the amplified signal on the output node. The housing unit also includes a potentiometer connected to the operational amplifier and configured to regulate the amplified signal; and a display connected to the potentiometer and configured to show an intensity of light detected by the light sensor based on the regulated amplified signal. The arm at a first end is connected to the housing unit and configured to move the housing unit around an aquarium case.

Abstract: The instant application describes a nanoparticle solution for reducing one or more impurities in stagnant water. The nanoparticles include a superparamagnetic solution. The superparamagnetic solution includes a solvent doped with a magnetizable particle and water. The nanoparticles also include a ligand molecular bound with the paramagnetic solution. The ligand is non-reactive with the paramagnetic solution. The ligand includes a binding agent such that the carrier sorbs one or more impurities.

Abstract: A method for cleaning water is disclosed. The method includes adding chitosan into an solution of acetic acid; adding thiosemicarbazide into the solution having the added chitosan; and stirring the solution having the added chitosan and thiosemicarbazide. The stirred solution is then neutralized with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form precipitates. The precipitates are then filtered and washed a plurality of times with deionized water and ethanol. The washed precipitates are then dried under vacuum to produce a modified chitosan. The modified chitosan is added to the water to remove chemicals from the water.