Abstract: There is provided an optical element including: a substrate; and a plurality of microlenses formed on the substrate. A reflecting surface of the microlens is an aspherical surface and asymmetrical with respect to an optical axis of the microlens. A pitch between adjacent ones of the microlenses is 10 to 230 ?m. A depth of the microlens is 3.2 to 15.4 ?m.

Abstract: A nanostructure that is visually recognized as being seamless by its more regularly and more uniformly formed fine concave-convex structure and that exhibits an excellent antireflection effect against light in a visible wavelength range is provided. Such a nanostructure is configured by a number of rows of tracks each including structures, formed by protrusions or depressions on a surface of a substrate, arranged at a predetermined fine pitch. In this nanostructure, a distance between centers of the structures adjacent to each other across a strip-shaped portion (seam) in which portions with no structures within the predetermined pitch are continuously formed in a track arrangement direction is adjusted so as to prevent visual recognition of the seam.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element and an imaging device. The optical element has a surface on which a plurality of sub-wavelength structure bodies are formed. The imaging device has an imaging region which senses light via the optical element. The surface of the optical element has one or two or more sections that scatter incident light and generate scattered light. A sum total of components of the scattered light reaching the imaging region is smaller than a sum total of components thereof reaching regions other than the imaging region.

Abstract: An optical element has a plurality of structures including convex portions or concave portions arranged on a base member surface, wherein the arrangement pitch of the structures is 380 nm to 680 nm and the aspect ratio of the structure is 0.62 to 1.09.

Abstract: An optical element includes a base, and primary structures and secondary structures disposed on a surface of the base, each of the primary structures and secondary structures being a projection or a depression. The primary structures constitute a plurality of rows of tracks on the surface of the base and are periodically repeatedly arranged at a fine pitch equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light. The secondary structures are smaller in size than the primary structures, and are provided between the primary structures, in the gaps in the arrangement of the primary structures, or on the surfaces of the primary structures.

Abstract: There is provided an optical element including: a substrate; and a plurality of microlenses formed on the substrate. A reflecting surface of the microlens is an aspherical surface and asymmetrical with respect to an optical axis of the microlens. A pitch between adjacent ones of the microlenses is 10 to 230 ?m. A depth of the microlens is 3.2 to 15.4 ?m.

Abstract: A coded nanostructure has a structure having a number of rows of tracks, each including arrangement of structures formed by protrusions or depressions on a surface of a substrate. Coding is achieved by wobble of the arrangement of the structures in an extending direction of the tracks.

Abstract: A nanostructure that is visually recognized as being seamless by its more regularly and more uniformly formed fine concave-convex structure and that exhibits an excellent antireflection effect against light in a visible wavelength range is provided. Such a nanostructure is configured by a number of rows of tracks each including structures, formed by protrusions or depressions on a surface of a substrate, arranged at a predetermined fine pitch. In this nanostructure, a distance between centers of the structures adjacent to each other across a strip-shaped portion (seam) in which portions with no structures within the predetermined pitch are continuously formed in a track arrangement direction is adjusted so as to prevent visual recognition of the seam.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element is provided and includes a conductive layer having a first surface and a second surface and a medium layer formed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface. In the transparent conductive element, at least one of the first surface and the second surface is a wave surface with a wavelength shorter than or equal to that of visible light; the ratio (Am/?m) of a mean peak-to-peak amplitude Am to a mean wavelength ?m of the wave surface is 1.8 or less. The mean thickness Dm of the conductive layer is larger than the mean peak-to-peak amplitude Am of the wave surface.

Abstract: A conductive optical device includes: a base; a plurality of structures supported by the base, and arranged at a pitch that is equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light; and a transparent conductive layer provided on a surface-side of the structures, and having a shape that follows along a surface shape of the structures. The following relational expressions are satisfied: y??1.785x+3.238 y?0.686 where x is a refractive index and y is an aspect ratio, of each of the structures.

Abstract: An optical element, which has an antireflection performance offering excellent wavelength band characteristics and incident angle characteristics, includes a substrate and structures that each are formed of a convex portion and that are arranged in plural on a surface of the substrate at a fine pitch equal to or less than a wavelength of light. Each of the structures has a quadrangular pyramid shape or a truncated quadrangular pyramid shape that has a quadrangular bottom surface, and each of four sides that farm the quadrangular bottom surface is curved toward a center of the bottom surface.

Abstract: An electroconductive element includes a substrate having a first wavy surface and a second wavy surface, and an electroconductive layer formed on the first wavy surface, wherein the electroconductive layer forms an electroconductive pattern, and the first wavy surface and the second wavy surface satisfy the following relationship: 0?(Am1/?m1)<(Am2/?m2)?1.8. Am1 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the first wavy surface, Am2 is a mean amplitude of vibrations of the second wavy surface, ?m1 is a mean wavelength of the first wavy surface, and ?m2 is a mean wavelength of the second wavy surface.

Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function, the optical device including: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light, wherein the plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and wherein a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical device is provided including plural structures formed of a convex portion or a concave portion are arranged on the surface of a base member with a fine pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light. The structures are arranged on the surface of the base member to form plural lines of tracks and form a hexagonal lattice pattern or a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern. Each structure has an elliptical cone shape or a truncated elliptical cone shape of which the long-axis direction is parallel to the track extending direction.

Abstract: An optical device, a method of manufacturing the optical device, a replica substrate for manufacturing the optical device, and a method of producing the replica substrate are disclosed. The optical device includes a base, and a plurality of structures arranged at a fine pitch equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light on a surface of the base. Each of the structures is composed of protuberance. The structures have a depth distribution.

Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function, the optical device including: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light, wherein the plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and wherein a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical device that has an antireflection function includes: a base; and a plurality of structural bodies, which are formed by convex portions or concave portions, arranged on a surface of the base with a fine pitch that is equal to or smaller than a wavelength of visible light. The plurality of structural bodies are arranged so as to form tracks of a plurality of rows on the surface of the base and form a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and a packing ratio of the structural bodies to the surface of the base is equal to or higher than 65%.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium has: a substrate; one, two or more information signal layers which is formed on the substrate; and a protective layer which is formed on the one, two or more information signal layers. The surface of the protective layer is a reading surface on which light for recording or playing back an information signal in the information signal layer is radiated, and, in the reading surface, a plurality of subwavelength structures is formed.

Abstract: An optical element includes a base and a large number of structures arranged on the surface of the base, the structures being projections or depressions. The structures are arranged at a pitch shorter than or equal to a wavelength of light in a use environment. An effective refractive index in the depth direction of the structures gradually increases toward the base and has two or more inflection points.

Abstract: An optical element having an anti-reflection function includes a base having a first main surface and a second main surface; a plurality of structures composed of projections or recesses and arranged on the first main surface at a fine pitch equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light for which the amount of reflection is to be reduced; and a light-absorbing layer that absorbs the light and that is disposed on the second main surface, wherein the structures are arranged so as to form a plurality of rows of tracks on the first main surface and form a hexagonal lattice pattern, a quasi-hexagonal lattice pattern, a tetragonal lattice pattern, or a quasi-tetragonal lattice pattern, and the structures each have an elliptical cone shape or a truncated elliptical cone shape, the major axis direction of which is a direction in which the tracks extend.