Abstract: A developer is supplied onto a substrate and thereafter a rinse discharge nozzle is moved toward an operating direction. The rinse discharge nozzle is so moved on the substrate as to continuously supply pure water onto the substrate from a slit discharge port of the rinse discharge nozzle while sucking and recovering the pure water from the surface of the substrate through a slit suction port, and a series of development is performed in a stationary state of the substrate.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and connected thereto by a torch opening, is provided with an improved manifold system and exhaust reaction chamber for maintaining the exhaust gases at a relatively high temperature in order to reduce unwanted emissions discharged into the atmosphere supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers and also for heating the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the primary carburetor barrel to the main combustion chambers. Thin wall liners having low thermal capacity are provided for adjacent pairs of exhaust ports in the engine, each liner having a single exit opening. Exhaust collection pipes receive exhaust gases from said liners and convey them to an inner exhaust reaction chamber and then in a one-way flow through an outer reaction chamber which surrounds and encloses the inner chamber.

Abstract: A spark-advance mechanism for an internal combustion engine is operated by vacuum pressure in the engine intake manifold. A conduit connecting the spark-advance mechanism to the intake manifold includes a solenoid operated valve which is normally open, and which is closed by either of two switches connected in parallel. One of the switches is closed when the engine temperature is low, and the other is closed when the engine RPM is high. When the solenoid valve is energized by either or both switches to close the conduit, atmospheric air is bled through an orifice to cause slow advance of the spark timing.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and connected thereto by a torch opening, is provided with a manifold system in which the exhaust gases are used to heat a rich air-fuel mixture supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers and is also used to heat the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the primary carburetor barrel to the main combustion chambers, but the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the secondary carburetor barrel is not heated. The secondary carburetor barrel comes into action only when the engine is operating under heavy load, so that the unheated additional lean mixture improves the volumetric efficiency and thereby improves the power output of the engine.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and wherein the overall air-fuel charge to all combustion chambers is leaner than the stoichiometric ratio, so that excess air is present in the exhaust gases. The system includes integrated intake manifolds, one for connection with the main combustion chamber and the other for connection with the auxiliary combustion chamber, and an exhaust manifold for connection with the main combustion chambers. The exhaust manifold includes a stainless steel liner enveloped within and spaced from a metal casting in order to retain the heat of the exhaust gases so that the exhaust gas temperature remains at or above the temperature at which the unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases will continue to burn. This temperature also promotes oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A manifold system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion piston engine has an intake manifold for supplying a lean mixture to the main combustion chambers of the engine and a rich mixture to the auxiliary combustion chambers thereof. In such an engine, each main combustion chamber is connected to its respective auxiliary combustion chamber through a torch opening. The manifold system also includes an exhaust manifold having improved means for heating the lean mixture and the rich mixture in the intake manifold, and constructed to provide a longer residence time for the exhaust gases and to promote a high mean temperature so that the chemical reaction between the excess air and carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons may add additional heat, to the end that exhaust emissions to the atmosphere of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons are minimized.

Abstract: An internal combustion piston engine has one or more cylinders each having a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle. Exhaust gases from the main chamber are used to heat the intake mixture for the auxiliary combustion chamber. Contiguous thin wall pipes, one carrying hot exhaust gases and one carrying a rich mixture for the auxiliary chamber, are both enclosed within a thick wall outer housing. A riser for the auxiliary intake pipe is also enclosed within said housing. The thin wall exhaust pipes join an exhaust chamber secured to the thick wall housing at a central location to minimize deformations caused by thermal expansion.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust pipe construction for an internal combustion engine of the type having a main combustion chamber supplied with a lean mixture and an auxiliary combustion chamber supplied with a rich mixture. A spark plug ignites the rich mixture in the auxiliary chamber and the resulting torch flame passes through a torch nozzle to ignite the lean mixture in the main chamber. The auxiliary intake passage which supplies the auxiliary combustion chamber with the rich air fuel mixture is integrally formed with the exhaust passage such that a common wall extends there between. A shell is disposed about the intake and exhaust passages and spaced therefrom to form an air gap between the shell and passages. Openings are provided in the shell for allowing air flow to and from the air gap. The air flowing from the gap is directed by a conduit to the inlet opening of the intake system.