Abstract: To accurately specify an EGR rate from an output value of an in-cylinder pressure sensor, a specifying method of an EGR rate in an internal combustion engine of the present invention acquires an output value of an in-cylinder pressure sensor at an intake stroke to calculate comparison data related to an in-cylinder pressure at the intake stroke from the acquired sensor output value. An output value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor at an exhaust stroke of the same cycle is also acquired to calculate comparison data related to the in-cylinder pressure at the exhaust stroke from the acquired sensor output value. Two comparison data are compared to specify the EGR rate of an air-fuel mixture provided for combustion from a difference between the values.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine is provided, which can carry out favorable injection amount feedback control even when a fuel property changes. A cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) that detects a cylinder internal pressure is included. A cylinder internal fresh air amount is calculated based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16) (100). Based on the cylinder internal pressure detected by the cylinder internal pressure sensor (16), an actual heating value is calculated (120). From the calculated cylinder internal fresh air amount, a target heating value in a predetermined excess air ratio is calculated (150). A comparison value of the actual heating value and the target heating value is fed back to a fuel injection amount so that the calculated actual heating value corresponds to the target heating value (160, 170).

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine that can estimate a quantity of heat generated is provided. An arithmetic processing unit 20 can calculate PV? variable according to a crank angle ? and dPV?/d? as a rate of change in PV?. For convenience' sake, a “crank angle at which dPV?/d? is a maximum while PV? is increasing” is to mean a “crank angle at a combustion proportion of 50%” and be referred to also as “?CA50”. PV? calculated for ?CA50 is to be referred to also as “PV?CA50”. In addition, for convenience' sake, a difference between PV? (which is zero in the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) and PV?CA50 at a start of combustion is also referred to as ?PV?CA50. A total quantity of heat generated Q is assumed to be twice as much as a value of ?PV?CA50.

Abstract: A polyamide/polyurethane composite filament yarn, contains a filament having a polyamide sheath component and a polyurethane eccentric core component exposed, through a neck portion of uniform width, on the surface of the filament. The filament is manufactured by a process comprising inserting, immediately before extruding from a spinneret orifice, a molten polyurethane flow, at an oblique angle from above, into a molten polyamide flow flowing down in a conduit, so that a small part of the polyurethane flow radially projects in a restricted width through the thinnest portion of the polyamide flowing flows down the inner wall of the conduit.