Abstract: Binoculars which are flat in the direction of view include two powerful Keplerian telescopes placed in two flat containers covering each eye and held by an eyeglass frame resting on the nose and ears; the binoculars can be easily converted into magnifying reading eyeglasses by touching a knob on the temple side of each telescope.

Abstract: A device for determining the topography of the cornea surface, realizing a method for determining the cornea surface topography, comprises a frame carrying a light source, an objective lens, a light detector, and an array of measuring marks. Said array of measuring marks is a combination of two mark groups, one group being a plurality of ring-shaped marks arranged one after another, axially along the frame and perpendicular to the lens optical axis, while the other group is a plurality of lines arranged lengthwise along the frame to intersect every ring mark and produce, in the light detector, an image consisting of concentric annular patterns and intersecting lines of the radial grid. After a flat image of the array image is obtained, coordinates of image points are measured for specific topographic angles, and corrections are introduced in accordance with the curvature of the radial grid lines.

Abstract: Binoculars which are flat in the direction of view include two powerful Keplerian telescopes placed in two flat containers covering each eye and held by an eyeglass frame resting on the nose and ears; the binoculars can be easily converted into magnifying reading eyeglasses by touching a knob on the temple side of each telescope.