Abstract: New and improved method for the transdermal administration of agents is provided utilizing iontophoresis in conjunction with a water-insoluble, stratum corneum-lipid modifier. The lipid modifier may be used prior to iontophoresis or simultaneously therewith. The lipid modifier may be selected from a wide variety of moieties of the general formula R--X where R is a C.sub.5 to C.sub.28 alkyl or unsaturated alkyl and X is a member of the following: 1,3-dioxane; 1,3-dioxolane; lactam; morpholine; --COOH; --OH; --COOR'; --C--N(R').sub.2 ; cyclo ethylene and propylene carbonates; --CONH.sub.2 ; --(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H; ##STR1## acetals, and hemiacetals; and wherein R' is lower alkyl (e.g., C.sub.1 to C.sub.3) and n is an integer of from 1 to 20. Optionally there may be present a polar, water-soluble chemical compound from the group of alcohols, glycols, lactams, dioxolanes, esters, ureas, morpholine and the like. Compositions and articles useful in the processes of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: A single paddle is capable of delivering pacing and defibrillating electrical pulses to a patient. In one embodiment, the paddle has a region of high electrical conductivity coupled to a defibrillating electrode for delivering defibrillating pulses. The paddle also includes a region of low electrical conductivity coupled to a pacing electrode for delivery pacing pulses. In an alternative configuration, a region of high electrical conductivity is sandwiched between regions of low electrical conductivity. The regions are comprised of polymeric gel or gel-filled foam.