Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating polycrystalline diamond include subjecting a particle mixture to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions to form inter-granular diamond-to-diamond bonds. Before being subjected to HPHT conditions, the particle mixture includes a plurality of non-diamond nanoparticles, diamond nanoparticles, and diamond grit. The non-diamond nanoparticles includes carbon-free cores and at least one functional group attached to the cores. Cutting elements for use in an earth-boring tool include a polycrystalline diamond material formed by such processes. Earth-boring tools include such cutting elements.

Abstract: Certain functionalized aldehydes scavengers may be used to at least partially scavenge sulfur-containing contaminants from fluid systems containing hydrocarbons and/or water. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed include, but are not necessarily limited to, H2S, mercaptans, and/or sulfides. Suitable scavengers include, but are not necessarily limited to, reaction products of glycolaldehyde with aldehydes; reaction products of glycolaldehyde with a nitrogen-containing reactant (e.g. an amine, a triazine, an imine, an aminal, and/or polyamines); non-nitrogen-containing reaction products of a hydrated aldehyde with certain second aldehydes; reaction products of 1,3,5-trioxane with hydroxyl-rich compounds (e.g. glyoxal, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and/or sugars); and reaction products of certain aldehydes with certain phenols; and combinations of these reaction products.

Abstract: A method of growing carbonaceous particles comprises depositing carbon from a carbon source, onto a particle nucleus, the particle nucleus being a carbon-containing material, an inorganic material, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, and the carbon source comprising a saturated or unsaturated compound of C20 or less, the carbonaceous particles having a uniform particle size and particle size distribution. The method is useful for preparing polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDCs) by a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) process.

Abstract: A method of recovering a hydrocarbon material from a subterranean formation comprises forming a working fluid comprising substantially solid particles and an at least partially gaseous base material, the substantially solid particles exhibiting a greater heat capacity than the at least partially gaseous base material. The working fluid is introduced into a subterranean formation containing a hydrocarbon material to heat and remove the hydrocarbon material from the subterranean formation. An additional method of recovering a hydrocarbon material from a subterranean formation, and a working fluid are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanoparticle modified fluid that includes nanoparticles that are surface modified to increase a viscosity of the nanoparticle modified fluid and that have at least one dimension that is less than or equal to about 50 nanometers; nanoparticles that are surface modified to increase a viscosity of the nanoparticle modified fluid and that have at least one dimension that is less than or equal to about 70 nanometers; and a liquid carrier; wherein the nanoparticle modified fluid exhibits a viscosity above that of a comparative nanoparticle modified fluid that contains the same nanoparticles but whose surfaces are not modified, when both nanoparticle modified fluids are tested at the same shear rate and temperature.

Abstract: Suspensions comprising polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles and at least one carrier fluid. The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane may include functional groups and the suspension may further comprise carbon-based nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles. Related methods of recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation using the suspension. The method comprises contacting hydrocarbons with the suspension to form an emulsion stabilized by the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanoparticle modified fluid that includes nanoparticles that are surface modified to increase a viscosity of the nanoparticle modified fluid and that have at least one dimension that is less than or equal to about 50 nanometers; nanoparticles that are surface modified to increase a viscosity of the nanoparticle modified fluid and that have at least one dimension that is less than or equal to about 70 nanometers; and a liquid carrier; wherein the nanoparticle modified fluid exhibits a viscosity above that of a comparative nanoparticle modified fluid that contains the same nanoparticles but whose surfaces are not modified, when both nanoparticle modified fluids are tested at the same shear rate and temperature.

Abstract: Cutting elements for earth-boring applications may include a substrate and a polycrystalline diamond material secured to the substrate. A first region of the polycrystalline diamond material may exhibit a first volume percentage of nanoparticles bonded to diamond grains within the first region. A second region of the polycrystalline diamond material adjacent to the first region may exhibit a second, different volume percentage of nanoparticles bonded to diamond grains within the second region. Methods of making cutting elements for earth-boring applications may involve positioning a first mixture of particles having a first volume percentage of nanoparticles and a second mixture of particles having a second, different volume percentage of nanoparticles within a container.

Abstract: A method of forming a polycrystalline diamond comprises derivatizing a nanodiamond to form functional groups, and combining the derivatized nanodiamond with a microdiamond having an average particle size greater than that of the derivatized nanodiamond, and a metal solvent-catalyst. A polycrystalline diamond compact is prepared by adhering the polycrystalline diamond to a support, and an article such as a cutting tool may be prepared from the polycrystalline diamond compact.

Abstract: Cysteine synthase enzymes (e.g. O-Acetyl-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase enzymes) may be used in combination with sulfide quinone reductase enzymes in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for decreasing or removing hydrogen sulfide from recovered downhole fluids and/or the subterranean reservoir wellbore from which the downhole fluid was recovered. The fluid composition may include at least one cysteine synthase enzyme with at least one sulfide quinone reductase, and a base fluid, such as a water-based fluid, an organic-based fluid, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Coated diamond particles have solid diamond cores and at least one graphene layer. Methods of forming coated diamond particles include coating diamond particles with a charged species and coating the diamond particles with a graphene layer. A composition includes a substance and a plurality of coated diamond particles dispersed within the substance. An intermediate structure includes a hard polycrystalline material comprising a first plurality of diamond particles and a second plurality of diamond particles. The first plurality of diamond particles and the second plurality of diamond particles are interspersed. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact includes catalyzing the formation of inter-granular bonds between adjacent particles of a plurality of diamond particles having at least one graphene layer.

Abstract: Removing an asphaltene particle from a substrate includes contacting a silicate nanoparticle with a chemical group to form a functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the chemical group includes a first portion; and a second portion comprising a nonaromatic moiety, the first portion being bonded to the silicate nanoparticle; contacting the asphaltene particle with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the asphaltene particle being disposed on the substrate; interposing the functionalized silicate nanoparticle between the asphaltene particle and the substrate; and separating the asphaltene particle from the substrate with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle to remove the asphaltene particle. A composition includes a functionalized silicate nanoparticle comprising a reaction product of a silicate nanoparticle and a functionalization compound; and a fluid.

Abstract: Suspensions comprising amphiphilic nanoparticles and at least one carrier fluid. The amphiphilic nanoparticles may be formed from a carbon-containing material and include at least a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. The hydrophilic portion comprises at least one hydrophilic functional group and the hydrophobic portion includes at least one hydrophobic functional group. Methods of forming the flooding suspension and methods of removing a hydrocarbon material using the flooding suspensions are disclosed.

Abstract: A substance includes diamond particles having a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond particles. The organic compound may include a surfactant or a polymer. A method of forming a substance includes exposing diamond particles to an organic compound, and exposing the diamond particles in the presence of the organic compound to ultrasonic energy. The diamond particles may have a maximum linear dimension of less than about 1 ?m. A composition includes a liquid, a plurality of diamond nanoparticles dispersed within the liquid, and an organic compound attached to surfaces of the diamond nanoparticles. A method includes mixing a plurality of diamond particles with a solution comprising a liquid solvent and an organic compound, and exposing the mixture including the plurality of diamond nanoparticles and the solution to ultrasonic energy.

Abstract: Methods of making cutting elements for earth-boring tools may involve placing a powdered mixture into a mold. The powdered mixture may include a plurality of core particles comprising a diamond material and having an average diameter of between 1 ?m and 500 ?m, a coating material adhered to and covering at least a portion of an outer surface of each core particle of the plurality of core particles, the coating material comprising an amine terminated group, and a plurality of nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, nanographite, nanographene, non-diamond carbon allotropes, surface modified nanodiamond, nanoscale particles of BeO, and nanoscale particles comprising a Group VIIIA element adhered to the coating material. The powdered mixture may be sintered to form a polycrystalline diamond table. The polycrystalline diamond table may be attached to a substrate.

Abstract: Removing an asphaltene particle from a substrate includes contacting a silicate nanoparticle with a chemical group to form a functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the chemical group includes a first portion; and a second portion comprising an aromatic moiety or a nonaromatic moiety, the first portion being bonded to the silicate nanoparticle; contacting the asphaltene particle with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle, the asphaltene particle being disposed on the substrate; interposing the functionalized silicate nanoparticle between the asphaltene particle and the substrate; and separating the asphaltene particle from the substrate with the functionalized silicate nanoparticle to remove the asphaltene particle. A composition includes a functionalized silicate nanoparticle comprising a reaction product of a silicate nanoparticle and a functionalization compound; and a fluid.

Abstract: Coated diamond particles have solid diamond cores and at least one graphene layer. Methods of forming coated diamond particles include coating diamond particles with a charged species and coating the diamond particles with a graphene layer. A composition includes a substance and a plurality of coated diamond particles dispersed within the substance. An intermediate structure includes a hard polycrystalline material comprising a first plurality of diamond particles and a second plurality of diamond particles. The first plurality of diamond particles and the second plurality of diamond particles are interspersed. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact includes catalyzing the formation of inter-granular bonds between adjacent particles of a plurality of diamond particles having at least one graphene layer.

Abstract: Cutting elements for earth-boring tools may include a substrate and a polycrystalline diamond table secured to the substrate. At least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond table may be formed from a plurality of core particles comprising a diamond material and having an average diameter of between 1 ?m and 500 ?m. A coating material may be adhered to and covering at least a portion of an outer surface of each core particle of the plurality of core particles, the coating material being an amine terminated group. A plurality of nanoparticles selected from the group of carbon nanotubes, nanographite, nanographene, non-diamond carbon allotropes, surface modified nanodiamond, nanoscale particles of BeO, and nanoscale particles comprising a Group VIIIA element may be adhered to the coating material.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating polycrystalline diamond include subjecting a particle mixture to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions to form inter-granular diamond-to-diamond bonds. Before being subjected to HPHT conditions, the particle mixture includes a plurality of non-diamond nanoparticles, diamond nanoparticles, and diamond grit. The non-diamond nanoparticles includes carbon-free cores and at least one functional group attached to the cores. Cutting elements for use in an earth-boring tool include a polycrystalline diamond material formed by such processes. Earth-boring tools include such cutting elements.