Abstract: A floor device generates output data indicative of the presence of objects, such as feet of users, on the floor device. The output data from the floor device is processed to determine an object representation at a given time. The object representation may then be associated with a user identifier based on characteristics or features of the object representation. If a location of a user associated with the user identifier is determined to be near a fixture that stores one or more items, changes in quantity of items at the fixture may be associated with the user. For example, sensors on the fixture may generate fixture data indicative of a pick or place of items on the fixture. Based on the location of the user being near the fixture and the fixture data, interaction data may be generated indicating the user interacting with the items at the fixture.

Abstract: Sensors at an inventory location can be used to detect the occurrence of an event at the inventory location. For example, capacitive sensors can gather capacitance values, which can then be analyzed for changes that indicate an event has occurred at the inventory location. When an event has been detected, event data is generated and used as a possible trigger to collect additional sensor data. As an example, if an event involving items at an inventory location is detected, such an action can trigger the collection and analysis of additional sensor data, such as weight sensor data, to determine a quantity of the items added or removed from the inventory location.

Abstract: A facility may include antennas directed to a known location and cameras with a field-of-view that encompasses the known location. The antennas acquire a device identifier and device data from a mobile device carried by a user at the known location. Antenna data is then generated to describe the data acquired by the antennas. Image data is also generated from the cameras to include images of a person at the known location. The antenna data and image data are then processed to determine estimated motion values and a comparison of such values is performed to check if such motion values are within a threshold of one another. If the motion values are within a threshold of each other, data indicative of presence of the mobile device at the known location is generated.

Abstract: Objects in a facility, such as users or totes, may be tracked as the object moves within the facility. An object representation of the object may be detected using image data. Apparent motion of the object representation may also be detected based on changes within the image data over time, which can help determine movement data for the object representation. However, the identity of the object representation may not be known. Using data from motion sensors in a device, movement data for the device can be generated. Thereafter, the movement data determined using the image data and the movement data determined using the data from the motion sensors in the device are compared for a possible match. If a match is found, an identifier of the device may then be associated with the object representation in the image data for tracking purposes.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a system, method, and apparatus for efficiently tracking inventory using RFID tags (e.g., RFID tags). For example, an RFID tag reader may perform an inventory mode to receive RFID tag identifiers from RFID tags located within a range of an antenna element of the RFID tag reader. Those RFID tag identifiers may be included on an inventory table associated with the antenna element. In a second mode, the RFID tag reader may perform a targeted read. During a targeted read mode, the RFID tag reader, utilizing the antenna element, may issue a request for a selected RFID tag identified in the inventory table to reply to the request.

Abstract: A facility is equipped with floor tiles, each tile having several segments, each segment with an antenna. Each segment on a tile is associated with a particular timeslot. A transmitter at the tile transmits on a specific frequency. During the particular timeslot for that segment, a signal at the specific frequency is transmitted and radiated from the antenna for that segment. A user electromagnetically couples to one or more antennas of the tile, acting as a signal path for the signal. A receiver in a second tile detects the signal, and information about the frequency detected, timeslot for the signal, and relative signal strength is generated. Where the user has stepped from is determined using the information. By concatenating these steps, a path of the user may be determined. Receivers in shelves facilitate disambiguation of one user from another when interacting with items.

Abstract: A facility monitoring system and/or a secure data storage device transport trolley accounts for data storage devices removed from rack computing devices while in transport. The secure data storage device transport trolley comprises a backplane, backplane connectors, and a computing device coupled to the backplane. The computing device scans for data storage devices connected to the connectors of the backplane at regular intervals and maintains an updated list of data storage devices being transported by the secure data storage device transport trolley. The secure data storage device transport trolley also provides the list to a facility monitoring system for reconciliation.

Abstract: A tamper detection system utilizes a barrier that includes a bar sized to extend across a rack in an arrangement in which the bar blocks access to an appliance received in the rack. The tamper detection system further utilizes a detector configured to log, transmit, or otherwise generate an indication that the barrier has been tampered with, such as in response to the bar being pulled away from the rack enough to decouple a magnet that when magnetically coupled to the rack maintains a switch in a first state against a biasing force of a biasing mechanism urging the switch toward a second state, or such as in response to the bar becoming severed or pulled away from the rack enough to cause a detectable change of resistance or other electrical characteristic in a corresponding circuit.

Abstract: A user obtains authentication credentials using a portable device, such as a smart phone. While standing on a smart floor in a facility, the portable device transmits the authentication credentials to the smart floor. The body of the user electromagnetically couples to electrodes in a touch sensor of the portable device and one or more antennas of the smart floor, acting as a signal path for signals between the mobile device and the smart floor. For example, one or more of the voltage applied to the electrodes, timing of when voltage is applied, and so forth, may be used to produce a particular electromagnetic signal that conveys the authentication credentials. The authenticated user may now be tracked in the facility using the smart floor.

Abstract: A storage unit includes a support bar for hanging items and an RFID antenna provided within a predefined distance of the support bar. When the items hanging from the support bar are adorned with RFID tags, and the RFID antenna emits electromagnetic fields in a direction of the support bar, RFID signals identifying the items are transmitted from the RFID tags to the RFID antenna, thereby enabling a placement or a removal of an item to be automatically registered, or an accounting of the available items to be automatically performed. The RFID antenna may be a portion of a transmission line that uses shields and/or dielectric materials to shape the electromagnetic fields toward a predefined direction, and the locations of items bearing RFID tags on the support bar may be determined by varying the phase of the emitted radiofrequency and determining strengths of RFID signals when the electromagnetic fields are emitted at varying phases.

Abstract: Image-based object representation (OR) tracking of users or other objects in a facility may occasionally lose the identity associated with a particular OR. For example, in a crowded aisle the respective ORs for individual users may merge, resulting in a loss of identity of the particular OR. As the crowd dissipates, confidence in the identity of a particular OR may be low. In one implementation, image processing is used to determine OR movement data descriptive of the time(s) when the OR is in motion or stopped. Device movement based on data acquired by sensors on a mobile device carried by a user is descriptive of when the mobile device is in motion or stopped. A match between the particular OR movement data and the particular device movement data allows the identity of the particular OR to be determined as an identity associated with the mobile device.

Abstract: A surface within a facility, such as a floor, is equipped with electromagnetic sensors that generate data indicative of the presence of objects, such as the feet of users, at or close to the floor. The data may also be indicative of cross-coupling resulting from a transfer of an electromagnetic signal by the object, such as from one foot to another of a user. The data is processed to determine presence of individual object representations, such as representing a foot. Information about object representations such as their movement, cross-coupling, physical distance between, or features of the object representation may be determined. This data may be used to maintain the identity of particular object representations, track object representations over time, determine that particular object representations are associated with a single user and so forth. Adjacent object representations may avoid merging by using a top-down cross sectioning technique.

Abstract: A fixture includes a shelf upon which items may be placed. In one implementation, the shelf is supported by four load cells that provide load cell data that may be used to calculate weight data for the load on the shelf. The load cells are mounted underneath a frame, with an upper portion of a load mount extending upward through the frame and engaged to the shelf. The shelf and the frame include stiffeners to increase rigidity, improving the quality of the load cell data. Electronics and a wiring harness are located underneath the frame. In this configuration, assembly of the fixture may be accomplished completely from the underside, simplifying assembly.

Abstract: One or more surfaces within a facility are equipped with devices having several segments, each segment with an antenna. Segments may be grouped together into a cluster. Each segment within a cluster is associated with a particular timeslot. A transmitter at the device transmits on a specific frequency. During the particular timeslot for that segment, a signal at the specific frequency is transmitted and radiated from the antenna for that segment. An object electromagnetically couples to one or more antennas of the device, acting as a signal path for the signal. A receiver in a second segment detects the signal, and information about the timeslot for the signal and relative signal strength is generated. By using this information, a location and path of the object may be determined. Receivers in shelves may also be used to facilitate disambiguation of one user from another when interacting with items on those shelves.

Abstract: A storage unit includes a support bar for hanging items and an RFID antenna provided within a predefined distance of the support bar. When the items hanging from the support bar are adorned with RFID tags, and the RFID antenna emits electromagnetic fields in a direction of the support bar. RFID signals identifying the items are transmitted from the RFID tags to the RFID antenna, thereby enabling a placement or a removal of an item to be automatically registered, or an accounting of the available items to be automatically performed. The RFID antenna may be a portion of a transmission line that uses shields and/or dielectric materials to shape the electromagnetic fields toward a predefined direction, and the locations of items bearing RFID tags on the support bar may be determined by varying the phase of the emitted radiofrequency and determining strengths of RFID signals when the electromagnetic fields are emitted at varying phases.

Abstract: An entry portal to a facility may include radio receivers with directional antennas and cameras at known positions in the facility. The receivers acquire device identifier and device data from a mobile device carried by a user passing through the portal. Portal data is generated that is indicative of the coverage volume of a particular antenna that received a signal carrying the device identifier and signal strength of that signal. The cameras acquire images of the user. Other sensors may acquire other information included in the portal data. The portal data, device data, device identifier, and the images are processed to associate a particular account with a person passing through the entry portal. Subsequently, that person may then be tracked using images from other cameras in the facility.

Abstract: A tamper detection system utilizes a barrier that includes a mesh sized to extend across a rack in an arrangement in which the mesh blocks access to an appliance received in the rack. The tamper detection system further utilizes a detector configured to log, transmit, or otherwise generate an indication that the barrier has been tampered with, such as in response to the mesh becoming severed or pulled away from the rack enough to cause a detectable change of resistance or other electrical characteristic in a corresponding circuit.

Abstract: This disclosure describes the ability to efficiently track inventory using RFID tags (e.g., RFID tags). For example, an inventory shelf located within a materials handling facility may include a series of antenna elements arranged in rows embedded into the shelf that are coupled with an RFID reader. The antenna elements are configured to establish electromagnetic fields oriented along shelf rows. The fields can be used to read RFID tags included or attached to inventory items placed on the shelf row.

Abstract: A storage unit includes a support bar for hanging items and an RFID antenna provided within a predefined distance of the support bar. When the items hanging from the support bar are adorned with RFID tags, and the RFID antenna emits electromagnetic fields in a direction of the support bar, RFID signals identifying the items are transmitted from the RFID tags to the RFID antenna, thereby enabling a placement or a removal of an item to be automatically registered, or an accounting of the available items to be automatically performed. The RFID antenna may be a portion of a transmission line that uses shields and/or dielectric materials to shape the electromagnetic fields toward a predefined direction, and the locations of items bearing RFID tags on the support bar may be determined by varying the phase of the emitted radiofrequency and determining strengths of RFID signals when the electromagnetic fields are emitted at varying phases.

Abstract: A storage unit includes a support bar for hanging items and an RFID antenna provided within a predefined distance of the support bar. When the items hanging from the support bar are adorned with RFID tags, and the RFID antenna emits electromagnetic fields in a direction of the support bar, RFID signals identifying the items are transmitted from the RFID tags to the RFID antenna, thereby enabling a placement or a removal of an item to be automatically registered, or an accounting of the available items to be automatically performed. The RFID antenna may be a portion of a transmission line that uses shields and/or dielectric materials to shape the electromagnetic fields toward a predefined direction, and the locations of items bearing RFID tags on the support bar may be determined by varying the phase of the emitted radiofrequency and determining strengths of RFID signals when the electromagnetic fields are emitted at varying phases.