Abstract: A reflective display device includes an electrophoretic display (EPD) module, an optical layer, a color filter layer, and at least one quantum dot (QD). The optical layer is located above the electrophoretic display module. The color filter layer is located on the optical layer. The quantum dot is located between the optical layer and the electrophoretic display module. When first light passes through the optical layer and transmits to the quantum dot, the quantum dot emits second light, and the electrophoretic display module is configured to reflect the second light to irradiate outwards from the color filter layer.

Abstract: A method to provide fractures in a formation includes providing a wellbore in the formation and providing a casing in the wellbore. The method also includes providing communication between an inside of the casing and the formation and initiating a fracture from the communication between the inside of the casing and the subterranean formation. The method further includes propagating the fracture with a fluid comprising mortar slurry. The mortar slurry comprises water and hydraulic material, and at least 50 percent of the water is consumed to hydrate the hydraulic material.

Abstract: A method to provide a fractured subterranean formation includes providing an essentially horizontal wellbore in the subterranean formation and providing fractures in the subterranean formation using a plurality of fracturing fluids. At least one of the fracturing fluids has a specific gravity that exceeds the fracture gradient within the subterranean formation and at least one of the fracturing fluids has a specific gravity that is less than the fracture gradient of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element includes: forming a patterned mask layer over a substrate, in which the patterned mask layer has an opening exposing a portion of the substrate; forming a piezoelectric element in the opening; and removing the patterned mask layer to obtain the piezoelectric element, in which the piezoelectric element has a central portion and a peripheral portion adjacent to the central portion, and the peripheral portion has a maximum height greater than a height of the central portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element includes: forming a patterned mask layer over a substrate, in which the patterned mask layer has an opening exposing a portion of the substrate; forming a piezoelectric element in the opening; and removing the patterned mask layer to obtain the piezoelectric element, in which the piezoelectric element has a central portion and a peripheral portion adjacent to the central portion, and the peripheral portion has a maximum height greater than a height of the central portion.