Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device is disclosed which has a cathode, an electron transporting zone, an emitting zone, an hole transporting zone and an anode that are laminated in sequence. The hole transporting zone includes at least one hole transporting layer fabricated with two or more homogeneously mixed hole transporting materials each having a glass transition temperature above 75.degree. C. and which are structurally compatible.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device capable of emitting different colors and including a first layer of emissive material designed to emit light of a first color and a second layer of emissive material designed to emit light of a second color. The device is activated to emit light of the first or second colors by causing different current densities to flow through the device such that the emitting zone is positioned in the first light emitting layer, thereby emitting light of a first color, or in the second light emitting layer, thereby emitting light of the second color.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device is positioned on an optically transmissive supporting substrate and includes a layer of ITO positioned on a planar surface of the substrate. A layer of hole transporting material with fluorescent dye molecules as fluorescent centers is supported on the layer of ITO, directly or with other layers, e.g. a hole injecting layer, therebetween. A layer of electron transporting material with fluorescent dye molecules as fluorescent centers is positioned on the hole transporting material and a layer of low work function metal is positioned on the layer of electron transporting material.

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices positioned on a supporting transparent plastic substrate including the steps of overcoating the plastic substrate with a multi-layer overcoating, composed of alternating layers of a transparent polymer film and a transparent dielectric material, forming an organic device on the overcoated transparent plastic substrate and sealing the organic device formed on the overcoated plastic substrate. The polymer film layer used in overcoating the plastic substrate acts as a means of improving the barrier properties of the multi-layer overcoating and the dielectric material acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric elements which can corrode the organic device and are a detriment to the reliability of organic LEDs.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including a plurality of organic light emitting devices (LEDs) directly interconnected to external driver circuits utilizing a printed circuit board, having formed therein a plurality of plated through-hole vias and a method of fabricating the integrated electro-optical package. The organic LEDs are fabricated on a supporting substrate and include vertical interconnections to driver and control circuits mounted on an uppermost surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). The vertical interconnections are formed utilizing plated through-hole conductive vias formed in the printed circuit board, conductive leads, and conductive epoxy. A hermetic seal is formed by positioning a sealing ring formed on the printed circuit board in sealing contact with a sealing area on the surface of the substrate so as to hermetically seal the organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: An organic full color light emitting diode array including a plurality of spaced apart, electrically conductive strips formed on a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of cavities defined on top of the strips and three electroluminescent media designed to emit three different hues deposited, along with light transmissive electrical conductors, in the cavities. A transparent dielectric material is formed to seal each of the cavities. The semiconductor substrate is, for example, a CMOS substrate and drivers for the diode array are formed in the substrate.

Abstract: A passivated organic device including a transparent layer of conductive material formed on a supporting substrate. An active organic media formed on the transparent layer and an electrode formed on the active organic media, the electrode including a thin layer of lithium formed on the active organic media and a layer of indium overlying and passivating the layer of lithium, and completing the electrode.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including a plurality of organic light emitting devices (LEDs) directly interconnected to external driver circuits utilizing a printed circuit board, having formed therein a plurality of plated through-hole vias and a method of fabricating the integrated electro-optical package. The organic LEDs are fabricated on a supporting substrate and include vertical interconnections to driver and control circuits mounted on an uppermost surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). The vertical interconnections are formed utilizing plated through-hole conductive vias formed in the printed circuit board, conductive leads, and conductive epoxy. A hermetic seal is formed by positioning a sealing ring formed on the printed circuit board in sealing contact with a sealing area on the surface of the substrate so as to hermetically seal the organic light emitting devices.

Abstract: An organic full color light emitting diode array including a plurality of spaced apart, light transmissive electrodes formed on a substrate, a plurality of cavities defined on top of the electrodes and three electroluminescent media designed to emit three different hues deposited in the cavities. A plurality of spaced metallic electrodes arranged orthogonal to the transmissive electrodes and formed to seal each of the cavities, thereby, sealing the electroluminescent media in the cavities, with a light transmissive anodic electrode at the bottom of each cavity and an ambient stable cathodic metallic electrode on the top of each cavity. Methods of fabrication of a full color organic light emitting diode array are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hard plastic card display device including a hard plastic card having a major surface and a driver circuit. A display, including a plurality of inverted organic light emitting diodes, is formed on the major surface and coupled to the driver circuit.

Abstract: A method of passivating organic devices positioned on a supporting transparent plastic substrate including the steps of overcoating the plastic substrate with a multi-layer overcoating, composed of alternating layers of a transparent polymer film and a transparent dielectric material, forming an organic device on the overcoated transparent plastic substrate and sealing the organic device formed on the overcoated plastic substrate. The polymer film layer used in overcoating the plastic substrate acts as a means of improving the barrier properties of the multi-layer overcoating and the dielectric material acts as a physical barrier to atmospheric elements which can corrode the organic device and are a detriment to the reliability of organic LEDs.

Abstract: A fluorescent complex polymer with fluorescent organometallic complexes connected by organic chain spacers is utilized in the fabrication of light emitting devices on a substantially transparent planar substrate by depositing a first conductive layer having p-type conductivity on the planar surface of the substrate, depositing a layer of a hole transporting and electron blocking material on the first conductive layer, depositing a layer of the fluorescent complex polymer on the layer of hole transporting and electron blocking material as an electron transporting emissive layer and depositing a second conductive layer having n-type conductivity on the layer of fluorescent complex polymer.

Abstract: An organic LED including a conductive layer with a planar surface and a layer of semiconductive polymer molecules having anchoring groups at each end, uniformly oriented perpendicularly on the planar surface, by deposition and self-assembly technique. A coupling layer positioned on the organic layer and a second organic layer uniformly oriented on the coupling layer, by deposition and self-assembly technique, parallel to the first semiconductive polymer molecules. Additional coupling layers and organic layers are alternately positioned on the second organic layer and on each other to form an LED of desired dimensions and a second conductive layer is deposited on the final layer.

Abstract: An organic EL device comprises a cathode, an electron transporting layer (ETL), a hole transporting layer (HTL) and an anode which are laminated in sequence, wherein the materials making up the ETL and HTL are so selected that the energy barrier for hole injection from the HTL to the ETL is substantially higher than the energy barrier for electron injection from the ETL to the HTL. The organic EL device obtained has efficient light emission from the HTL layer when an efficient fluorescent dye as an emitter is doped in the HTL or the part of the HTL close to the ETL/HTL interface.

Abstract: A conjugate polymer with fluorescent dye molecules built in as fluorescent centers is used in light emitting devices with improved fluorescent efficiency. In a first example, fluorescent dyes are introduced into a conjugated polymer precursor by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In a second example, the fluorescent dye molecules are introduced into a conjugated polymer precursor by an ion-exchange reaction. In both examples, the conjugated polymer precursors with dye molecules attached are converted to the conjugated polymer with built-in fluorescent centers.

Abstract: A two dimensional array of organic LEDs including laterally spaced, conductive strips positioned on an insulative substrate with a layer of dielectric material positioned thereon and defining cavities therethrough so as to expose areas of the conductive strips within the cavities. At least a layer of active emitter material and a layer of a low work function metal are positioned in each of the cavities on the conductive strips so as to form an LED in each cavity with the conductive strips forming a first electrode of each LED. A layer of metal is sealing positioned over each of the cavities and formed into metallic strips orthogonal to the conductive strips so as to form a second electrode for each of the LEDs.

Abstract: A two dimensional array of organic LEDs including laterally spaced, conductive strips positioned on an insulative substrate with a layer of dielectric material positioned thereon and defining cavities therethrough so as to expose areas of the conductive strips within the cavities. At least a layer of active emitter material and a layer of a low work function metal are positioned in each of the cavities on the conductive strips so as to form an LED in each cavity with the conductive strips forming a first electrode of each LED. A layer of metal is sealing positioned over each of the cavities and formed into metallic strips orthogonal to the conductive strips so as to form a second electrode for each of the LEDs.

Abstract: A new class of organometallic complexes with built-in fluorescent dye for use in electroluminescent (EL) devices and a method of preparation are disclosed. An organometallic complex with built-in fluorescent dye as guest dopant is introduced into an organic EL device by thoroughly pre-mixing it with a host organometallic emitter in a certain ratio and co-depositing it from a single source. The organometallic complex with built-in fluorescent dye determines the emission color of the EL device.

Abstract: A fluorescent complex polymer with fluorescent organometallic complexes connected by organic chain spacers is utilized in the fabrication of light emitting devices on a substantially transparent planar substrate by depositing a first conductive layer having p-type conductivity on the planar surface of the substrate, depositing a layer of a hole transporting and electron blocking material on the first conductive layer, depositing a layer of the fluorescent complex polymer on the layer of hole transporting and electron blocking material as an electron transporting emissive layer and depositing a second conductive layer having n-type conductivity on the layer of fluorescent complex polymer.

Abstract: A new class of organometallic complexes for use in electroluminescent (EL) devices and a method of preparation are disclosed. The organometallic complexes are prepared by mixing organic ligands with metal salts in the presence of a base and a layer is formed in an EL device by vacuum evaporation. The organometallic material in the EL device serves as either an electron transporting layer or a light emission layer, or both.