Abstract: A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer.

Abstract: A scintillator comprising a matrix material body and nano-material scintillator media carried by the matrix body. One embodiment provides a scintillator apparatus comprising a matrix material body with nano-material scintillator media carried by the matrix body. In one embodiment the nano-material scintillator media is quantum dots. In another embodiment the nano-material scintillator media is nanowires.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer.

Abstract: A method for analyzing gaseous or liquid samples is provided. Samples are interacted with pores of a porous thin film. A time-varying response of reflectivity is obtained from the surface of the porous thin film during the interaction. One or more analytes forming the sample or a part of the sample are identified based upon the time-varying response.

Abstract: A system for characterization of a single molecule or cell sample by directing a beam onto the sample to produce energy emanating from the sample. A periodic sample holder with through-pores containing the sample is positioned to receive the beam. At least one pore is provided in the sample holder for holding the sample. The energy emanating from the sample is detected by a detector. The sample holder can be used to study individual molecules, viruses, or cells by various techniques including x-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, optical or electron microscopy, or electrochemistry.

Abstract: Disclosed are nanometer to micron scale functionalized apertures constructed on a substrate made of glass, carbon, semiconductors or polymeric materials that allow for the real time detection of biological materials or chemical moieties. Many apertures can exist on one substrate allowing for the simultaneous detection of numerous chemical and biological molecules. One embodiment features a macrocyclic ring attached to cross-linkers, wherein the macrocyclic ring has a biological or chemical probe extending through the aperture. Another embodiment achieves functionalization by attaching chemical or biological anchors directly to the walls of the apertures via cross-linkers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photonic silicon filter capable of binding and detecting biological and chemical target molecules in liquid or gas samples. A photonic waveguiding silicon filter with chemical and/or biological anchors covalently attached to the pore walls selectively bind target molecules. The system uses transmission curve engineering principles to allow measurements to be made in situ and in real time to detect the presence of various target molecules and determine the concentration of bound target.

Abstract: A method for analyzing gaseous or liquid samples is provided. Samples are interacted with pores of a porous thin film. A time-varying response of reflectivity is obtained from the surface of the porous thin film during the interaction. One or more analytes forming the sample or a part of the sample are identified based upon the time-varying response.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photonic silicon filter capable of binding and detecting biological and chemical target molecules in liquid or gas samples. A photonic waveguiding silicon filter with chemical and/or biological anchors covalently attached to the pore walls selectively bind target molecules. The system uses transmission curve engineering principles to allow measurements to be made in situ and in real time to detect the presence of various target molecules and determine the concentration of bound target.