Abstract: Disclosed herein are a logical qubit execution apparatus and method. The logical qubit execution apparatus may be configured to execute, by a logical execution layer, a quantum circuit including requested logical qubits using a lattice surgery operation, generate, by the logical execution layer, measurement results of the logical qubits by combining measurement results of logical Pauli frames, generate, by a physical execution layer, a physical qubit circuit by converting a logical qubit operation corresponding to the measurement results of the logical qubits into a physical qubit operation, and measure, by the physical execution layer, results of an operation on physical Pauli frames by executing the physical qubit circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory device which includes a first memory cell connected to a word line and a first bit line, a second memory cell connected to the word line and a second bit line, and a row decoder selecting the word line, a row decoder configured to select the word line, and a column decoder. A first distance between the row decoder and the first memory cell is shorter than a second distance between the row decoder and the second memory cell. The column decoder selects the first bit line based on a time point when the first memory cell is activated.

Abstract: Memory devices may include a memory cell connected to a word line and a bit line, a first bit line sense amplifier connected to the memory cell through the bit line and configured to amplify a signal of the bit line, and a second bit line sense amplifier disposed adjacent to the first bit line sense amplifier and not connected to the bit line. The second bit line sense amplifier may be selected by an address received from a processor, and data may be stored in the second bit line sense amplifier or the data is output from the second bit line sense amplifier according to a command received from the processor. In some aspects described herein, the memory device may include a buffer memory that operates at high speed, thereby increasing performance of a memory module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a memory device, a memory package including the same, and a memory module including the same. The memory package includes a first memory device configured to operate in response to a first chip select signal from an external device, a second memory device configured to operate in response to a second chip select signal from the external device, and a third memory device configured to operate in response to a third chip select signal from the external device. The third memory device includes a buffer unit that is connected with an internal circuit of the third memory device through an internal data line, is connected with the first memory device through a first memory data line, is connected with the second memory device through a second memory data line, and is connected with the external device through a data line.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module, memory system including the same, and method for controlling the same are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells configured to change between at least two states according to a magnetization direction, and a mode register supporting a plurality of operational modes.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a third memory cell, a bitline sense amplifier, and a switch circuit. The first memory cell is connected to a first wordline and a first bitline. The second memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a second bitline. The third memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a third bitline. The bitline sense amplifier is connected to the third bitline. The switch circuit is connected to the first bitline, the second bitline, and the bitline sense amplifier. The switch circuit performs charge sharing between the first memory cell and the first bitline to generate a first reference voltage, and charge sharing between the second memory cell and the second bitline to generate a second reference voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module, memory system including the same, and method for controlling the same are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells configured to change between at least two states according to a magnetization direction, and a mode register supporting a plurality of operational modes.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a third memory cell, a bitline sense amplifier, and a switch circuit. The first memory cell is connected to a first wordline and a first bitline. The second memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a second bitline. The third memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a third bitline. The bitline sense amplifier is connected to the third bitline. The switch circuit is connected to the first bitline, the second bitline, and the bitline sense amplifier. The switch circuit performs charge sharing between the first memory cell and the first bitline to generate a first reference voltage, and charge sharing between the second memory cell and the second bitline to generate a second reference voltage.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a third memory cell, a bitline sense amplifier, and a switch circuit. The first memory cell is connected to a first wordline and a first bitline. The second memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a second bitline. The third memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a third bitline. The bitline sense amplifier is connected to the third bitline. The switch circuit is connected to the first bitline, the second bitline, and the bitline sense amplifier. The switch circuit performs charge sharing between the first memory cell and the first bitline to generate a first reference voltage, and charge sharing between the second memory cell and the second bitline to generate a second reference voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are a memory device, a memory package including the same, and a memory module including the same. The memory package includes a first memory device configured to operate in response to a first chip select signal from an external device, a second memory device configured to operate in response to a second chip select signal from the external device, and a third memory device configured to operate in response to a third chip select signal from the external device. The third memory device includes a buffer unit that is connected with an internal circuit of the third memory device through an internal data line, is connected with the first memory device through a first memory data line, is connected with the second memory device through a second memory data line, and is connected with the external device through a data line.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first memory cell, a second memory cell, a third memory cell, a bitline sense amplifier, and a switch circuit. The first memory cell is connected to a first wordline and a first bitline. The second memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a second bitline. The third memory cell is connected to the first wordline and a third bitline. The bitline sense amplifier is connected to the third bitline. The switch circuit is connected to the first bitline, the second bitline, and the bitline sense amplifier. The switch circuit performs charge sharing between the first memory cell and the first bitline to generate a first reference voltage, and charge sharing between the second memory cell and the second bitline to generate a second reference voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory device which includes a first memory cell connected to a word line and a first bit line, a second memory cell connected to the word line and a second bit line, and a row decoder selecting the word line, a row decoder configured to select the word line, and a column decoder. A first distance between the row decoder and the first memory cell is shorter than a second distance between the row decoder and the second memory cell. The column decoder selects the first bit line based on a time point when the first memory cell is activated.

Abstract: Memory devices may include a memory cell connected to a word line and a bit line, a first bit line sense amplifier connected to the memory cell through the bit line and configured to amplify a signal of the bit line, and a second bit line sense amplifier disposed adjacent to the first bit line sense amplifier and not connected to the bit line. The second bit line sense amplifier may be selected by an address received from a processor, and data may be stored in the second bit line sense amplifier or the data is output from the second bit line sense amplifier according to a command received from the processor. In some aspects described herein, the memory device may include a buffer memory that operates at high speed, thereby increasing performance of a memory module.

Abstract: Disclosed is a current sense amplifier suitable for a nonvolatile memory device such as a magnetic random access memory. In the current sense amplifier, a reference memory cell for sensing is implemented by a memory cell equal to a normal memory cell without fabricating different reference memory cells. The current sense amplifier is formed of first and second cross coupled differential amplifiers being covalent bonded. The current sense amplifier compares a current flowing to a sensing node of a memory cell directly with currents flowing to reference sensing nodes.

Abstract: A data reading method of a magnetic memory device includes generating read commands, supplying a read current to a selected magnetic memory element in a first direction and in turn in a second direction under different ones of the read commands, respectively, and sensing the magnitude of the read current flowing through the selected magnetic memory element to read data stored at the selected magnetic memory element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a current sense amplifier suitable for a nonvolatile memory device such as a magnetic random access memory. In the current sense amplifier, a reference memory cell for sensing is implemented by a memory cell equal to a normal memory cell without fabricating different reference memory cells. The current sense amplifier is formed of first and second cross coupled differential amplifiers being covalent bonded. The current sense amplifier compares a current flowing to a sensing node of a memory cell directly with currents flowing to reference sensing nodes.

Abstract: A method of controlling a read operation of a resistive memory device is provided which includes activating at least one of a plurality of word lines in response to a first command; after receiving a second command, sensing data of a memory cell, corresponding to a selected page, from among all memory cells connected with the activated word line through a corresponding bit line sense amplifier; and outputting the sensed data as read data according to a sensing output control signal.

Abstract: A data reading method of a magnetic memory device includes generating read commands, supplying a read current to a selected magnetic memory element in a first direction and in turn in a second direction under different ones of the read commands, respectively, and sensing the magnitude of the read current flowing through the selected magnetic memory element to read data stored at the selected magnetic memory element.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device such as a magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module and a memory system on which the magnetic memory device is mounted are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells each of which varies between at least two states according to a magnetization direction and an interface unit that provides various interface functions. The memory module includes a module board and at least one MRAM chip mounted on the module board, and further includes a buffer chip that manages an operation of the at least one MRAM chip. The memory system includes the MRAM and a memory controller that communicates with the MRAM, and may communicate an electric-to-optical conversion signal or an optical-to-electric conversion signal by using an optical link that is connected between the MRAM and the memory controller.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module, memory system including the same, and method for controlling the same are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells configured to change between at least two states according to a magnetization direction, and a mode register supporting a plurality of operational modes.