Abstract: A processor-implemented method of interlinking a first video conference system and a second video conference system for combining and transmitting voice signals of a plurality of users in a video conference system interlinking apparatus including a plurality of video sharing units including receiving second video conference data of a plurality of users from the second video conference system and transmitting voice data including combined voices of two or more users, among the transmitted second video conference data, through a single one of the plurality of video sharing units.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor package including a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a connecting circuit arranged on the first surface of the substrate, a through silicon via (TSV) structure penetrating the substrate, a first passivation layer arranged on the connecting circuit, a second passivation layer arranged on the second surface, a first bumping pad arranged inside the first passivation layer, and a second bumping pad arranged inside the second passivation layer, wherein the first bumping pad includes a first pad plug, and a first seed layer surrounding a lower surface and sidewalls of the first pad plug, wherein the second bumping pad includes a second pad plug, and a second seed layer surrounding an upper surface and sidewalls of the second pad plug, and wherein the first seed layer and the second seed layer include materials having different reactivities to water.

Abstract: A controller is included in a storage device communicating with a host device. The controller is configured to receive a firmware image download command and a firmware image corresponding to the firmware image download command from the host device, perform verification for determining whether the firmware image is damaged in response to the received firmware image download command, and when a firmware update request for the firmware image is received from the host device, determine whether to perform a firmware update based on the firmware image by using a verification result of the firmware image.

Abstract: A controller is included in a storage device communicating with a host device. The controller is configured to receive a firmware image download command and a firmware image corresponding to the firmware image download command from the host device, perform verification for determining whether the firmware image is damaged in response to the received firmware image download command, and when a firmware update request for the firmware image is received from the host device, determine whether to perform a firmware update based on the firmware image by using a verification result of the firmware image.

Abstract: A data storage may include at least one nonvolatile memory device and a controller operatively connected to the at least one nonvolatile memory device. The controller is configured to receive binary data from a host through a side-band interface. The controller is configured to execute the binary data according to a request from the host to execute a test operation. A test operation with respect to the data storage may be executed through a side-band interface.

Abstract: A data storage may include at least one nonvolatile memory device and a controller operatively connected to the at least one nonvolatile memory device. The controller is configured to receive binary data from a host through a side-band interface. The controller is configured to execute the binary data according to a request from the host to execute a test operation. A test operation with respect to the data storage may be executed through a side-band interface.