Abstract: Disclosed are a method of operating a selector device, a method of operating a nonvolatile memory apparatus to which the selector device is applied, an electronic circuit device including the selector device, and a nonvolatile memory apparatus. The method of operating the selector device controls access to a memory element, and includes providing the selector device including a switching layer and first and second electrodes disposed on both surfaces of the switching layer, which includes an insulator and a metal element, and applying a multi-step voltage pulse to the switching layer via the first and second electrodes to adjust a threshold voltage of the selector device, the multi-step voltage pulse including a threshold voltage control pulse and an operating voltage pulse. The operating voltage pulse has a magnitude for turning on the selector device, and the threshold voltage control pulse has a lower magnitude lower than the operating voltage pulse.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode current collector, and a cathode active material layer satisfying a specific formula formed on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes lithium metal oxide particles that have a single particle shape, and a single crystalline structure or a poly-crystalline structure including two or more single crystals. A lithium secondary battery including the cathode, and a method of preparing a cathode active material are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a polycyclic compound that can be employed in various organic layers provided in an organic light-emitting device; and a high-efficiency and long-lifespan organic light-emitting device comprising same to have significantly improved luminous efficiency and lifespan characteristics. By using same, the present invention can be industrially and effectively used in lighting devices and various display devices, such as a flat-panel display apparatus, a flexible display apparatus, a monochrome or white flat-panel lighting apparatus, a monochrome or white flexible lighting apparatus, a vehicle display apparatus, and a virtual or augmented reality display apparatus.

Abstract: In a method for assembling a wind power generator, a tower of a floating-type offshore wind power generation device is placed and fixed to a tower standing frame, blades of the floating-type offshore wind power generation device are fixed and stacked on a first mount and a second mount, a carriage is used to move a blade installing structure including a blade assembly table formed on a first side and a blade carrier formed on a second side opposite to the first side, the blade carrier is vertically moved below the blades, the blade carrier is vertically moved to correspond to the height of the blade assembly table in a state in which the blade is gripped by the blade installer, the blade installer is moved from the second side to the first side, and the blade is assembled to a nacelle formed at one end of the tower.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a co-polyester resin of a composition including dicarboxylic acid, wherein the composition includes C2-5 aliphatic diol and isosorbide in an amount of 70 mol to 97.5 mol and 2.5 mol to 30 mol, respectively, based on 100 mol of the dicarboxylic acid, and the dicarboxylic acid includes C2-6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and cyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A massage apparatus includes: a first bio-signal measurement unit which is formed in an arm massage unit and includes at least one electrode positioned at a portion where the palm of a user is placed, and which is movable back and forth on the basis of the position of the hand of the user; a second bio-signal measurement unit which is formed in a foot massage unit and includes at least one electrode positioned at the rear portion of the ankle of the user, and is movable back and forth; and a control unit for acquiring information on the physical condition of the user on the basis of bio-signals obtained from the first bio-signal measurement unit and the second bio-signal measurement unit.

Abstract: Operating a selector device that controls access of a signal to a memory element may comprise applying a main operating voltage pulse and a refresh voltage pulse to the selector device. The refresh voltage pulse and main operating voltage pulse have opposite polarities. A magnitude of the main operating voltage pulse is greater than or equal to a threshold voltage for turning on the selector device, and a maximum magnitude of the refresh voltage pulse is less than the threshold voltage. The refresh voltage pulse reduces a difference between the threshold voltage and a turn-off voltage of the selector device, and may be applied immediately before or immediately after the main operating voltage pulse. An electronic circuit may include the selector device and a driving circuit for apply the pulses. A nonvolatile memory may include the driving circuit and a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements each including a selector device.

Abstract: A multilayer electronic component includes a body including a dielectric layer and an internal electrode, an external electrode disposed outside the body, and an insulating layer disposed on the external electrode. The external electrode is disposed to cover an exposed surface of an outermost surface of the electrode layer, and is formed to have a thickness, equal to or less than a thickness of the body, and the insulating layer is disposed to cover an end of the external electrode, to improve moisture resistance reliability.

Abstract: Provided is a content container including: an inner container in which contents are stored; an outer container into which the inner container is accommodated; a pump part coupled to an upper end portion of the inner container to discharge the contents; and a nozzle part coupled to upper side of the pump part to discharge the contents transferred from the pump part to outside, wherein when an outer surface of the outer container is pressed, the inner container ascends within the outer container and the pump part is pressed by the nozzle part so that the contents are discharged through the nozzle part.

Abstract: A battery module may include battery cells; a module housing that accommodates the battery cells, and that a module inlet through which cooling water is introduced and a module outlet through which cooling water is discharged are provided; and a divider plate disposed on the module housing so that the inner space of the module housing is divided along the longitudinal direction of the battery cells, thereby dividing the inner space into an upper space and a lower space. The module housing is provided such that the cooling water is introduced in the longitudinal direction of the battery cells through the module inlet to flow from the upper space to the lower space or from the lower space to the upper space along the divider plate, and then is discharged along the longitudinal direction of the battery cells through the module outlet.

Abstract: A method of adaptively training an equalizer system of a PAM-N receiver is disclosed. The method of training an equalizer system according to the present invention employs a training pattern including a first training data pattern and second training data pattern to tune the continuous-time linear equalizer, decision feedback equalizer and sampler constituting the equalizer system before use in actual communication enabling long-distance, high-speed communication.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a variable magnetic flux motor, wherein the variable magnetic flux motor includes a rotor in which a permanent magnet and a conductor bar are arranged, includes an inverter configured to apply a stator current to a stator coil of the motor, and a control unit configured to control a torque of the conductor bar and magnetize or demagnetize the permanent magnet by controlling the stator current through the inverter.

Abstract: An embodiment is a seat height gear system including a monopost apparatus configured to be mounted under a seat, the monopost apparatus comprising a lower post and an upper post, and a direct drive motor apparatus within the monopost apparatus, the direct drive motor apparatus including a motor and a gear unit, the gear unit including a pinion and a rack bar, the rack bar being configured to be engaged with the pinion, the motor being fixed to the lower post of the monopost apparatus, the pinion being coupled to the motor, the rack bar being fixed to an upper post of the monopost apparatus, the motor being configured to rotate the pinion, and the rack bar being configured to convert the rotation of the pinion into the linear motion.

Abstract: The data collecting method includes: collecting first and second sensor data respectively through a first and a second sensors while a data collecting apparatus moves within a target area, and tagging a first and a second timestamp values respectively to the first and the second sensor data; generating map data of the target area and location data at a point of time corresponding to the first timestamp value, based on the first sensor data; generating map information of the target area based on the map data, and generating moving path information on the map based on the location data; and estimating a sensing location at a point of time corresponding to the second timestamp value based on the moving path information, and tagging the sensing location to the second sensor data.

Abstract: A battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery cell assembly including a plurality of battery cells, a coolant filled between the plurality of battery cells of the battery cell assembly, a pack case in which the coolant and the battery cell assembly are accommodated, and a waterproof adhesive provided in the pack case to a certain height and at least partially covering a lower end portion of the battery cell assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduced-graphene-oxide/silicon-metal-particle composite, a method of manufacturing the composite and an electrode for a secondary battery including the composite. The method of manufacturing the reduced-graphene-oxide/silicon-metal-particle composite includes preparing a reduced-graphene-oxide dispersion solution by reducing graphene oxide formed through cation-pi interaction, preparing a reduced-graphene-oxide/silicon-metal-particle dispersion solution by mixing the reduced-graphene-oxide dispersion solution with silicon metal particles, and manufacturing a composite powder having a core-shell structure by drying the reduced-graphene-oxide/silicon-metal-particle dispersion solution. Thereby, reduced graphene oxide can be formed using the graphene oxide dispersion solution having few defects and high purity obtained through cation-pi interaction, and dried to afford a composite powder having a core-shell structure, which is applicable to an electrode for a secondary battery.

Abstract: A method of adaptively training an equalizer system of a PAM-N receiver is disclosed. The method of training an equalizer system according to the present invention employs a training pattern including a first training data pattern and second training data pattern to tune the continuous-time linear equalizer, decision feedback equalizer and sampler constituting the equalizer system before use in actual communication enabling long-distance, high-speed communication.

Abstract: A PAM-N receiver capable of adaptively adjusting threshold voltages determining a level of a received signal and a method of adaptively adjusting threshold voltages thereof are disclosed. According to the method of the present invention, the result of comparison between reference data levels and the level of data in the received signal are used to adjust the reference data levels, and the threshold voltages of a PAM-N receiver are adaptively calculated from the adjusted reference data levels, thereby reflecting transmission line conditions and Inter-Symbol Interference.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a heat exchanger for a vehicle has a plurality of cooling panels bonded to each other by pressing a cooling panel module where the plurality of cooling panels are stacked vertically, including: a fixing portion for supporting top and bottom ends of the cooling panel module; and a pair of elastic portions that are provided between the top or bottom end of the cooling panel module and the fixing portion, and are arranged symmetrically based on a top or bottom surface of the cooling panel module to compress the cooling panel module.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery according to embodiments of the present invention includes a cathode current collector, and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes first lithium metal oxide particles each having a secondary particle shape in which primary particles are aggregated and second lithium metal oxide particles each having a single particle shape. A cross-section of the cathode active material layer from an SEM satisfies Equations 1 and 2.