Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a water softener according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a concentration detector detecting a concentration of total dissolved solids in water introduced into a channel; a voltage controller controlling a voltage applied to an electrode so that the detected concentration of the total dissolved solids reaches a target concentration; a flow rate detector detecting a flow rate of the water introduced into the channel; and a water softening time controller controlling, based on the detected flow rate, a water softening time for the water so that the detected concentration of the total dissolved solids reaches the target concentration.

Abstract: A friction shaft for a slitter has winding tubes disposed on an outer surface thereof to roll unit materials formed by cutting a raw material such as various kinds of paper, fabric, or film with predetermined intervals includes a first rotary shaft, tubes, brake pads, a second rotary shaft, pressing members, first rotary tubes, second rotary tubes, first and second bearings, first elastic members, guide members, second elastic members, and lugs for clamping.

Abstract: A friction shaft for a slitter has winding tubes disposed on an outer surface thereof to roll unit materials formed by cutting a raw material such as various kinds of paper, fabric, or film with predetermined intervals. The friction shaft includes a first rotary shaft, tubes, lug bodies for torque, first fixed shafts, brake pads, a second rotary shaft, guide members, lug bodies for clamping, second fixed shafts, a plurality of lug rollers, covers, a first elastic member, and second elastic members.

Abstract: A friction shaft for a slitter has winding tubes disposed on an outer surface thereof to roll unit materials formed by cutting a raw material such as various kinds of paper, fabric, or film with predetermined intervals includes a first rotary shaft, tubes, brake pads, a second rotary shaft, pressing members, first rotary tubes, second rotary tubes, first and second bearings, first elastic members, guide members, second elastic members, and lugs for clamping.

Abstract: A friction shaft for a slitter has winding tubes disposed on an outer surface thereof to roll unit materials formed by cutting a raw material such as various kinds of paper, fabric, or film with predetermined intervals. The friction shaft includes a first rotary shaft, tubes, lug bodies for torque, first fixed shafts, brake pads, a second rotary shaft, guide members, lug bodies for clamping, second fixed shafts, a plurality of lug rollers, covers, a first elastic member, and second elastic members.

Abstract: A communication connecting method between nodes through a network, includes: storing communication connection information acquired through searching for communication entities of other nodes; determining whether communication connection information on a communication entity of a connection target node exists by searching for the stored communication connection information; and configuring communication connection with the communication entity of the connection target node based on the determination result.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for discovering a communication entity. The apparatus for discovering a communication entity includes a list generation unit for generating a list of connection target Data Readers (DRs), a counter generation unit for generating a counter including information about a number of the connection target DRs, and a discovery message communication unit for establishing communication connections to the connection target DRs based on the list and the counter. The discovery message communication unit includes a transmission unit for transmitting a DR discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information to each of the connection target DRs, and a reception unit for receiving a Data Writer (DW) discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information from each of the connection target DRs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a multicast apparatus and method. In the multicast method, a multicast apparatus searches one or more communication objects in a distributed network environment. Multicast data is received from a sender-side communication object among the one or more communication objects. A polling message is received from the communication object that transmitted the multicast data. A response message corresponding to the polling message is sent. It is determined whether a transmission error has occurred between communication objects based on results of sending of the response message, and multicasting is performed based on results of determination.

Abstract: Provided herein a method and apparatus for generating a data distribution service application, the method including syntax-analyzing an IDL (interface description language) file; determining a topic model to be used in the data distribution service application based on a result of the syntax-analyzing of an IDL (interface description language) file; receiving QoS information and determining a QoS model by a QoS (quality of service) modeler; determining a DDS application model based on the topic model and QoS model by a DDS (data distribution service) application modeler; and generating a source code based on the topic model, QoS model and DDS application model.

Abstract: Provided herein a method and apparatus for determining a QoS (quality of service) profile in the data distribution service, the method including determining network environment information; and determining the QoSProfile based on the network environment information, wherein the QoSProfile includes a QoSFunction, QoSMatching, QoSStatement, QoSConstraint, and QoSCharacteristic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modularizing apparatus modularizing a function module in DDS middleware, including: a DCPS module providing an interface with an application program; and a library module initializing and creating the function module, classifying the created function module for each function and storing the classified function module, and providing a function module corresponding to a request by the DCPS module to the DCPS module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a computing apparatus for providing an entity search means so as to perform data communication between different entities of a Data Distribution Service (DDS) in a multi-network domain environment, and a method of operating the same. A method of operating a computing system for a Data Distribution Service (DDS) service in a DDS system including a first network domain and a second network domain includes: searching for search information of DDS entities included in the first network domain; determining at least a DDS entity among the DDS entities as a representative entity of the first network domain; and providing the search information of the DDS entities to a representative entity of the second network domain through the representative entity of the first network domain.

Abstract: A communication connecting method between nodes through a network, includes: storing communication connection information acquired through searching for communication entities of other nodes; determining whether communication connection information on a communication entity of a connection target node exists by searching for the stored communication connection information; and configuring communication connection with the communication entity of the connection target node based on the determination result.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method and apparatus for generating a virtual object for DDS (Data Distribution Service) communication in multiple network domains, the apparatus including: a communicator for receiving EDP (Endpoint Discovery Protocol) information on a remote Endpoint from a remote network domain separated physically or logically; and a virtual object generator for matching the EDP information on the remote Endpoint and information included in the remote network domain prestored in a database, and for generating a virtual object corresponding to the remote Endpoint.

Abstract: Provided are a network node and a method of performing discovery, which may stably perform discovery without delay or crash of a network at the time of initial discovery in a large-scale network. The network node operated in a distributed network includes a discovery performing unit that determines a discovery back-off time that is a transmission wait time of a discovery message based on levels of priority of the network node, and a communication unit that transmits the discovery message using the discovery back-off time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for discovering a communication entity. The apparatus for discovering a communication entity includes a list generation unit for generating a list of connection target Data Readers (DRs), a counter generation unit for generating a counter including information about a number of the connection target DRs, and a discovery message communication unit for establishing communication connections to the connection target DRs based on the list and the counter. The discovery message communication unit includes a transmission unit for transmitting a DR discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information to each of the connection target DRs, and a reception unit for receiving a Data Writer (DW) discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information from each of the connection target DRs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a multicast apparatus and method. In the multicast method, a multicast apparatus searches one or more communication objects in a distributed network environment. Multicast data is received from a sender-side communication object among the one or more communication objects. A polling message is received from the communication object that transmitted the multicast data. A response message corresponding to the polling message is sent. It is determined whether a transmission error has occurred between communication objects based on results of sending of the response message, and multicasting is performed based on results of determination.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a memory management apparatus and method for threads of Data Distribution Service middleware. The apparatus includes a memory area management unit, one or more thread heaps, and a queue. The memory area management unit partitions a memory chunk allocated for the DDS middleware by a Cyber-Physical System on a memory page basis, manages the partitioned memory pages, and allocates the partitioned memory pages to the threads of the DDS middleware that have requested memory. The thread heaps are provided with the memory pages allocated to threads of the DDS middleware by the memory area management unit, and manage the provided memory pages. The queue receives memory used pages returned by the thread heaps. The thread heaps are provided with the memory pages for the threads by the queue if a memory page is not present in the memory area management unit when the threads request memory.

Abstract: A node constituting data distribution service (DDS) structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first DDS application including a first DCPS layer and a first real-time publish-subscribe (RTPS) layer and a second DDS application including a second DCPS layer communicated with the first RTPS layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lightweight multicast method and apparatus for a data distribution service. The lightweight multicast apparatus includes a network congestion detection unit for multicasting packets to a plurality of subscriber node terminals, and detecting a cause of network congestion using a negative response message transferred from a relevant subscriber node terminal that could not receive the packets among the plurality of subscriber node terminals. A network recovery control unit determines a recovery control policy depending on the cause of the congestion detected by the network congestion detection unit, and solves the cause of the congestion.