Abstract: It is necessary to use the continuous wave (CW) light and the optical input signal in the same direction in order to improve the conversion speed. Furthermore, in order to simplify the configuration of the optical transmission system including wavelength converters, the function capable of separating or removing the optical input signal should be included. Filter-free wavelength converters for separating and rejecting the optical input signal are being developed using the multimode interference semiconductor optical amplifier (MMI-SOA). The gain or phase modulation of the CW light is caused in the MMI-SOA. Furthermore, the CW light and the optical input signal are separated in the MMI-SOA in which the output port depends on the input port. Therefore, no optical filter is required for rejecting the optical input signal, and it is possible to converse to the same wavelength.

Abstract: A surface comparison apparatus for measuring surface characteristics of a specimen through which visible ray can not be transmitted comprises: a light source generating light having a predetermined wavelength; an optical device changing the light into collimated light; an irradiating unit for irradiating the collimated rays on both surfaces of a specimen which needs to be measured after dividing them into two paths and making the lights, which are reflected on both surfaces, be focused on opposite direction of the incident light after passing through the paths and be interfered with each other; and a display means for displaying the interfered lights which are made by interfering the reflected lights, and thereby, a parallelism or surface characteristics for both surfaces of the specimen can be measured simultaneously through an interference pattern which is obtained by dividing the light into two paths, irradiating the light on both surfaces of the specimen, and reflecting to be interfered with each other, a

Abstract: An automatically gain controllable linear differential amplifier using a variable degeneration resistor is disclosed. The linear differential amplifier includes an input end, a bias current source, a load unit, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor. The linear differential amplifiers of the present invention can control an amplifying gain according to an input signal and improve linearity IIP3 without needing additional power consumption caused by improving the linearity. The automatically gain controllable linear differential amplifier uses NMOS/PMOS transistor so an integration process of the amplifier can be implemented more conveniently and efficiently.

Abstract: A method of controlling a microwave oven, in which the microwave oven includes a cooking chamber for containing food therein, a cooling fan which circulates air, a magnetron which generates microwaves and a humidity sensor which senses humidity of the cooking chamber. Cooking instruction(s) may be preset or set manually by a user. A first cooking operation is performed according to the set cooking instruction(s). A cook time required to perform a second cooking operation is set based on a time required to perform the first cooking operation. The second cooking operation is performed for the cook time while controlling the output power of the magnetron to perform a rapid cooking operation.

Abstract: A method of controlling a microwave oven, in which the microwave oven includes a cooking chamber for containing food therein, a cooling fan which circulates air, a magnetron which generates microwaves and a humidity sensor which senses humidity of the cooking chamber. Cooking instruction(s) may be preset or set manually by a user. A first cooking operation is performed while preventing water from boiling off/to overflow by controlling an output power of the magnetron according to the set cooking instruction(s). A time required to perform a later cooking is set according to a time required to perform the first cooking operation. A second cooking operation is performed for the later cook time while controlling the output power of the magnetron to reduce the overall cook time of the food.

Abstract: A method of controlling a microwave oven, in which the microwave oven includes a cooking chamber for containing food therein, a cooling fan which circulates air, a magnetron which generates microwaves and a humidity sensor which senses humidity of the cooking chamber. Cooking instruction(s) may be preset or set manually by a user. A first cooking operation is performed while preventing water from boiling off/to overflow by controlling an output power of the magnetron according to the set cooking instruction(s). A time required to perform a second cooking operation is set based on a time required to perform the first cooking operation. The second cooking operation is performed for the second cooking time while steam boiling the food.

Abstract: Devices, circuits and methods synchronize the inputting and outputting of groups of data into a memory cell array and out of a device. Synchronizing is performed by internal clock signals, both of which are derived from a single delay feedback loop.

Abstract: A carrier recovery apparatus includes a first LPF calculating a carrier changing in accordance with a frequency offset, by using a pilot tone included in an I-signal of a VSB broadcasting signal, a limiter limiting a size of the carrier calculated by the first LPF and outputting the limited size of the carrier, a multiplier multiplying the limited size of the carrier from the limiter by a Q-signal of the VSB broadcasting signal, a second LPF extracting a DC-property corresponding to a frequency error of the carrier from a product output from the multiplier, a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) generating a complex carrier corresponding to the DC-property from the second LPF, and a frequency error providing unit arranged between the second LPF and the NCO, storing the DC-property from the second LPF, and when the pilot tone is distorted by a damaged pilot in the I-signal, providing the NCO with the DC-property that is previously input and stored therein.

Abstract: A multi-type Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System adapted to use on inclined chirped grating filter and to discharge light at a predetermined period of interval, enabling to accurately detect at one time wavelength variation amount of light signals reflected from the multiple FBG sensors, the system comprising: a light emitting diode driving unit for driving a light emitting diode in response to a timing signal produced therein to prompt the light emitting diode to repeatedly emit light signals; multiple FBG sensors for receiving the light signals emitted from the light emitting diode via a light coupler to reflect the light which changes its center wavelength according to externally-applied physical properties changes; an inclined chirped grating filter for allowing the light signals respectively reflected from each FBG sensors to pass the different amount of luminous intensity according to the center wavelength change; first detector for detecting the luminous intensity of each light signal having passed the i

Abstract: A region searcher, a method of driving the same, and a code searcher using the same are disclosed. When a predetermined region is iteratively searched, the energy value corresponding to the same hypothesis location value is stored by using a searcher having divided two buffers, thereby the implementation complexity thereof can be remarkably reduced, without using a simple memory.

Abstract: An erythromycin A 9-O-benzodithiol oxime intermediate represented by the following formula (III) useful for synthesis of clarthromycin and crystalline solvate thereof: Wherein, Y1 and Y2 are independently a hydrogen atoms or trimethylsilyl groups. And, a process for the preparation of clarithromycin using the erythromycin A 9-O-benzodithiol oxime intermediate as described in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an isolated polynucleotide comprising a lectin gene regulation site of a mud loach, expressed as SEQ ID NO: 1, an expression vector comprising a lectin gene regulation site of a mud loach, an expression vector comprising a lectin gene regulation site of a mud loach and a growth hormone gene of a mud loach, and an expression vector comprising a lectin gene regulation site of a mud loach and a growth hormone gene of a carp. Also provided a method of making a transgenic mud loach or carp comprising microinjecting the expression vector of a growth hormone gene into fertilized eggs of a mud loach or carp and culturing the eggs such that the eggs hatch and result in a mud loach or carp fish which expresses the growth hormone gene at levels which increase the rate of growth of the fish relative to wild-type mud loach or carp, and a mud loach or carp transformed with the expression vector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light guide plate for improving front visual angle characteristics. Either a pyramidal recession having at least three sidewalls and a predetermined depth or a pyramidal protrusion having at least three sidewalls and a predetermined height is formed on a light emitting surface of the light guide plate. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the brightness of the front visual angle without using a prism and diffusion sheets or with a reduced number of prism sheets. Also, an LCD apparatus using the light guide plate has a reduced weight and volume compared with conventional LCDs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for controlling plant diseases containing vitamin B1, or salts or derivatives thereof as an active ingredient, which exhibits excellent disease controlling effects by rapid induction of defense-related genes in plants infected with pathogens.

Abstract: A data displaying method includes, when a user draws up character messages to be transmitted, the character messages to be transmitted are displayed on one display window. If a window division function is selected, after determining what kind of function is selected, the display window into two display windows, and then the character messages being drawn up are displayed on one of the two divided display windows and data corresponding to the selected function is displayed on the other display window. As a result, the user can carry out another telephone function without losing the character messages being drawn up while drawing up the character messages to be transmitted. Also, the user can carry out smooth communications using character messages.

Abstract: A data transmitting method and apparatus with QoS guaranteed in a communication system supporting services with different QoS requirements. The services are classified into a QoS service and a non-QoS service and discriminately processed according to the classification. To maximize the efficiency of transmission links, the data rate of a service is dynamically controlled according to the state of the transmission links. Furthermore, the transmission links are prioritized to guarantee the quality of the QoS service even when data congestion occurs and data burstness is regulated to minimize a congestion period during data transmission. Therefore, QoS guarantee is maximized according to services in a communication system supporting data service.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier (VGA) circuitry for implementing gain as a pseudo exponential function by using the linear area of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is provided. The VGA circuitry includes a fixed resistor and a variable resistor, which is connected in serial to the fixed resistor and implemented by combining one or more MOSFETs operating in a linear area with different control voltages to each MOSFET. Although the MOSFET has no exponential characteristics, the VGA circuitry can easily implement a pseudo exponential function with a simple structure. Further, since a complex circuit for generating an exponential function is not necessary, power consumption thereof can be eliminated.

Abstract: Polymeric compounds for use in a chemically amplified resist are represented by the following chemical formulas 1 and 2: wherein R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of —H and —CH3; R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of —H, —CH3 and —CH2CH3; and 0.1≦m≦0.9 and 0.1≦n≦0.9, with the equation of m+n=1. wherein R3, R4, and R5, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of —H and —CH3; R6 and R7, which may be identical or different, are each selected from the group consisting of —H, —CH3 and —CH2CH3; R8 is —CH3 or —CH2CH2OH; and 0.1≦p≦0.9, 0.05≦q≦0.8, and 0.05≦r≦0.5, with the equation of p+q+r=1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a local oscillator balun using an inverting circuit. The local oscillator balun using an inverting circuit comprises a complementary output converting circuit for amplifying a weak signal as a single signal from a local oscillator to produce two signals; a differential amplification circuit for producing two signals having a given amplitude from the two signals of said complementary output converting circuit; and an inverting circuit for inverting the two signals of the differential amplification circuit. Thus, a complementary signal having the maximum amplification and small phase difference can be produced. Therefore, the present invention can implement the maximum gain and small local oscillating leakage of the frequency mixer in a Gilbert type high frequency double balance frequency mixer.

Abstract: An apparatus and its method for controlling the positioning of optical fiber blocks and a Planar Lightwave Circuit, wherein alignment marks are formed for input and output optical fiber blocks and a Planar Lightwave Circuit, and position images of the alignment marks are detected by means of a microcomputer, CCD cameras and micro positioners, which allow quick operation of the initial positions which are capable of positioning, to acquire output optical signals passing by noise areas. Accordingly, the overall productivity is increased. Further, there are not a lot differences in speed between skilled hands and novices since the positioning operations do not rely on the expertise of the operator, and the positioning operations for mass production can be accomplished since the speed of repetition is enhanced.