Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing, a display disposed in one surface of the housing, a processor operatively connected to the display, and a memory operatively connected to the processor. The memory stores instructions, when executed, causing the processor to display a chat room, in which a plurality of users participate, in at least part of the display, to display identification information associated with at least one user selected among the plurality of users, in at least part of the chat room, and to display a window associated with job information of the selected at least one user so as to be overlapped with at least part of the chat room, in response to a user input to select the identification information.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward systems and methods for the formation of two dimensional monolayer structures of ordered biomacromolecules, such as viruses, atop cohesive polyelectrolyte multilayers to create functional thin films. Methods for the formation of such thin films are disclosed that involve an interdiffusion-induced assembly process of the biomacromolecules. The inventive systems provide a general platform for the systematic incorporation and assembly of organic, biological and inorganic materials and will enable many potential technological applications such as, for example, chemical and biological sensors, power devices and catalytic membranes.

Abstract: Provided is a reagent container that can maintain stability of a reagent for a long period of time, a method of preparing the reagent container, a method of storing the reagent, and microfluidic systems for conducting cell binding, lysis, nucleic acid extraction, and amplification.

Abstract: A method of analyzing nucleic acid by compensating for crosstalk in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data and other data, wherein crosstalk signals associated with multiple fluorescent dyes are corrected by using fluorescent intensity variations detected from a concentration difference of the fluorescent dyes, and apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A composition and kit for detecting Clostridium difficile including a primer set for detecting a strain of Clostridium difficile, and a method of detecting Clostridium difficile by using the same.

Abstract: A refrigerator that is capable of easily operating a storage chamber (30) where cooling is carried out independently from a cold chamber (10) is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a refrigerator body having a cold chamber (10) defined therein and a storage chamber (30) disposed in the cold chamber, a cool air generation chamber having a cooler and a fan (102) for supplying cool air mounted therein, a partition plate for partitioning the cold chamber (10) and the cool air generation chamber from each other, the partition plate having a main flow channel (103) for guiding the cool air supplied by the fan (102) to the cold chamber (10) and at least one cool air hole (201) located between the fan (102) and the main flow channel (103) for bypassing the cool air, and at least one bypass duct (200) for guiding the cool air bypassed through the at least one cool air hole (201) to the storage chamber (30).

Abstract: A refrigerator and a control method for the same are provided. A refrigerator includes a body having a cooling compartment and a storage compartment provided in the cooling compartment to form a predetermined cooling space, a cool air generation compartment having a cooler and a fan to supply cool air, and a partition plate that partitions a predetermined space into the cooling compartment and the cool air generation compartment. The partition plate includes a main path to guide the cool air into the cooling compartment and a bypass path to guide the cool air into the storage compartment. A cool air controller is provided at the bypass path to control the cool air supplied to the storage compartment via the bypass path.

Abstract: Provided is a reagent container that can maintain stability of a reagent for a long period of time, a method of preparing the reagent container, a method of storing the reagent, and microfluidic systems for conducting cell binding, lysis, nucleic acid extraction, and amplification.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of peptides, proteins, and other oligomers to provide a means by which normally quenched nanoparticle fluorescence may be recovered upon detection of a target molecule. Further, the inventive technology provides a structure and method to carry out detection of target molecules without the need to label the target molecules before detection. In another aspect, a method for forming arbitrarily shaped two- and three-dimensional protein-mediated nanoparticle structures and the resulting structures are described. Proteins mediating structure formation may themselves be functionalized with a variety of useful moieties, including catalytic functional groups.

Abstract: A ventilation device of a refrigerator is configured to prevent freezing of condensed water. The condensed water does not accumulate at the corresponding portion, and hence formation of ice is prevented. The generation of noise and the change of the efficiency of the ventilation fan do not occur, and the risk of ice contacting the shroud of the ventilation fan is reduced and reliability may be improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing quantitative analysis of a nucleic acid by determining a curve-fitting area based on fluorescence intensity data obtained by performing PCR on a target nucleic acid; analyzing parameters for amplification efficiency and nucleic acid concentration by curve-fitting a result of performing PCR on a reference nucleic acid with a known initial nucleic acid concentration; and estimating the initial nucleic acid concentration of the target nucleic acid by performing curve-fitting on the determined curve-fitting area using the analyzed parameters.

Abstract: A method of analyzing nucleic acid by compensating for crosstalk in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data and other data, wherein crosstalk signals associated with multiple fluorescent dyes are corrected by using fluorescent intensity variations detected from a concentration difference of the fluorescent dyes, and apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A composition and kit for detecting Clostridium difficile including a primer set for detecting a strain of Clostridium difficile, and a method of detecting Clostridium difficile by using the same.

Abstract: A PCR composition is described that includes a single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein, e.g. the G5p protein, that binds cooperatively to single-stranded nucleic acids such as primers and/or probe or single stranded nucleic acid templates and shields them from nuclease degradation. The single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein complex also prevents the formation of primer dimers or other non-specific PCR products during PCR amplification. The composition promises to improve the specificity and the reliability of high throughput PCR protocols.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of peptides, proteins, and other oligomers to provide a means by which normally quenched nanoparticle fluorescence may be recovered upon detection of a target molecule. Further, the inventive technology provides a structure and method to carry out detection of target molecules without the need to label the target molecules before detection. In another aspect, a method for forming arbitrarily shaped two- and three-dimensional protein-mediated nanoparticle structures and the resulting structures are described. Proteins mediating structure formation may themselves be functionalized with a variety of useful moieties, including catalytic functional groups.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided including a freezing chamber having a first evaporator and a first fan provided inside, and a refrigerating chamber having a second evaporator and a second fan provided inside. Further, the first and second fans may be configured to direct cool air generated by the first and second evaporators to the freezing and refrigerating chambers, respectively. Additionally, plurality of cool-air ducts may be provided in at least one of the freezing and refrigerating chambers, the cool air ducts may be configured to provide cool air to the freezing and refrigerating chambers via operation of the first and second fans, respectively.

Abstract: A cool air supplying apparatus is provided for a refrigerator. The cool air supplying apparatus includes a box fan motor integrally having a fan that blows cool air generated by an evaporator to a freezing chamber or a refrigerating chamber and a motor that drives the fan, a first passage that supplies cool air generated from the evaporator to the box fan motor, and a second passage that supplies cool air blown by the box fan motor to the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber. Since the box fan motor does not interrupt a cool air passage, energy loss may be decreased. Further, since the motor does not protrude towards the inside of the refrigerator, a capacity volume of the refrigerator may be increased.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward systems and methods for the formation of two dimensional monolayer structures of ordered biomacromolecules, such as viruses, atop cohesive polyelectrolyte multilayers to create functional thin films. Methods for the formation of such thin films are disclosed that involve an interdiffusion-induced assembly process of the biomacromolecules. The inventive systems provide a general platform for the systematic incorporation and assembly of organic, biological and inorganic materials and will enable many potential technological applications such as, for example, chemical and biological sensors, power devices and catalytic membranes.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided that includes a fan that blows cool air generated by an evaporator to a freezing chamber or a refrigerating chamber; a scroll guide that discharges cool air discharged from the fan in two directions; a guide pipeline formed at the scroll guide in two directions, that guides cool air discharged from the scroll guide; and a cool air duct connected to the guide pipeline, that supplies cool air to the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber. An optimum scroll guide that can be applicable even when a plurality of cool air ducts are implemented is provided, thereby reducing a flow loss of cool air discharged from the fan and decreasing power consumption.

Abstract: A ventilating device and a refrigerator, more particularly, a ventilating device including a scroll (122) of an optimized structure and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The ventilating device includes a ventilation fan for ventilating air, a first duct (130) for allowing some of the air discharged from the ventilation fan to flow therealong, a second (140) duct for allowing at least some of the remaining air, excluding the air discharged from the ventilation fan and flowing along the first duct, to flow therealong, and a scroll for guiding the air discharged from the ventilation fan to the first duct (130) and the second duct (140), the scroll (122) being constructed in the shape of a spiral track in which a coefficient of expansion angle from a cutoff part to at least one of the first (130) and second (140) ducts is 0.35 to 0.4.