Abstract: A hydrophobic organic layer may be formed on a surface of a graphene doped with a dopant to improve stability of the doped graphene with respect to moisture and temperature. Thus, the transparent electrode having the doped graphene containing the hydrophobic organic layer may be usefully applied in solar cells or display devices.

Abstract: A hydrophobic organic layer may be formed on a surface of a graphene doped with a dopant to improve stability of the doped graphene with respect to moisture and temperature. Thus, the transparent electrode having the doped graphene containing the hydrophobic organic layer may be usefully applied in solar cells or display devices.

Abstract: A compound containing at least two pyridinium derivatives in its molecular structure and being in a reduced form thereof may be used as a CNT n-doping material. The compound may donate electrons spontaneously to CNTs to n-dope the CNTs, while being oxidized into its stable state. An n-doped CNT that is doped with the CNT n-doping material may maintain a stable n-doped state for a long time without being dedoped even in the air and/or water. Further, the n-doped state may be easily controlled when using the CNT n-doping material.

Abstract: A compound containing at least two pyridinium derivatives in its molecular structure and being in a reduced form thereof may be used as a CNT n-doping material. The compound may donate electrons spontaneously to CNTs to n-dope the CNTs, while being oxidized into its stable state. An n-doped CNT that is doped with the CNT n-doping material may maintain a stable n-doped state for a long time without being dedoped even in the air and/or water. Further, the n-doped state may be easily controlled when using the CNT n-doping material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbon nano-tube (CNT) thin film treated with chemical having an electron withdrawing functional group and a manufacturing method thereof. Specifically, the CNT thin film comprises a CNT composition to be applied on a plastic substrate. The CNT composition comprises a CNT; and chemical connected to the CNT and having an electron withdrawing functional group. In addition, the method for manufacturing a CNT thin film comprises steps of preparing a CNT; treating the CNT with chemical having an electron withdrawing functional group; mixing the CNT treated with the chemical with a dispersing agent or dispersing solvent to prepare a CNT dispersed solution; and forming a CNT thin film with the CNT dispersed solution. According to the CNT thin film and the manufacturing method thereof, a resistance of an electrode is decreased to improve the electric conductivity of the electrode.

Abstract: A compound containing at least two pyridinium derivatives in its molecular structure and being in a reduced form thereof may be used as a CNT n-doping material. The compound may donate electrons spontaneously to CNTs to n-dope the CNTs, while being oxidized into its stable state. An n-doped CNT that is doped with the CNT n-doping material may maintain a stable n-doped state for a long time without being dedoped even in the air and/or water. Further, the n-doped state may be easily controlled when using the CNT n-doping material.

Abstract: A valve test apparatus, a solenoid valve test method and a venturi valve test method are provided. The valve test apparatus may include a gas supply unit, a solenoid valve holding unit, a first measurement unit, a venturi valve holding unit, a second measurement unit, a timer unit and/or a power supply unit. The solenoid valve holding unit may be connected to one end of the gas supply unit. The first measurement unit may be connected to the solenoid valve holding unit. The venturi valve holding unit, on which a venturi valve to be tested may be arranged. The venturi valve may be selectively connected to the solenoid valve holding unit together with the first measurement unit. The second measurement unit may be connected to the venturi valve. The timer unit may measure a time interval between when the solenoid valve is activated and when a measured value by the first measurement unit or second measurement unit is equivalent to a desired value.

Abstract: A valve test apparatus, a solenoid valve test method and a venturi valve test method are provided. The valve test apparatus may include a gas supply unit, a solenoid valve holding unit, a first measurement unit, a venturi valve holding unit, a second measurement unit, a timer unit and/or a power supply unit. The solenoid valve holding unit may be connected to one end of the gas supply unit. The first measurement unit may be connected to the solenoid valve holding unit. The venturi valve holding unit, on which a venturi valve to be tested may be arranged. The venturi valve may be selectively connected to the solenoid valve holding unit together with the first measurement unit. The second measurement unit may be connected to the venturi valve. The timer unit may measure a time interval between when the solenoid valve is activated and when a measured value by the first measurement unit or second measurement unit is equivalent to a desired value.