Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes; a first substrate, a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, an alignment layer disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the alignment layer comprises a major alignment material and a vertical photo-alignment material, and the vertical photo-alignment material comprises a first vertical functional group, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A photoreactive material layer includes an upper portion and a lower portion each including a uniformly aligned crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the upper portion includes a first portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the first portion of the photoreactive material and the second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in a first direction, and the lower portion includes a third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and the fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate, the first alignment layer including a vertical photo-alignment material, a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate, the second alignment layer including a vertical alignment material, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an exposure apparatus and photo-mask, and method for manufacturing liquid crystal display using the same. An exposure apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an exposure apparatus which includes: a first photo-mask comprising a plurality of transmission parts; and a second photo-mask comprising a plurality of transmission parts, the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask comprising an overlapping region where the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask are partially overlapped, wherein at least one transmission part included in at least one of the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask in the overlapping region comprises a semi-transmission section, and a transmittance of the semi-transmission section is greater than or equal to 0% and less than 100%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; an alignment layer disposed on one of the first substrate and the second substrate and including a vertical photo-alignment material which includes a first vertical functional group and a photo-reactive group, and a major alignment material which does not include the photo-reactive group; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a ratio of a molar concentration of the vertical photo-alignment material to the molar concentration of the major alignment material increases in a direction towards a surface of the alignment layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A wide variety of different alignment polar angles can be created in the alignment layers of a liquid crystal display with just a small number of UV exposure steps by using one or a combination of overlappable UV masks, where the one or more combinations of overlappable UV masks simultaneously define a maximal transmission region, an intermediate transmission region and a nontransmitting (blocking) region. UV rays are irradiated through masks in different irradiation directions while the mask or masks are disposed in different orientations.

Abstract: A photoalignment method includes irradiating light in a first direction to a first alignment layer, and irradiating light in a second direction opposite the first direction, after disposing a first mask on the first alignment layer.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for a photoalignment process includes; a first photomask including a plurality of transmission parts; and a second photomask including a plurality of transmission parts, where the first photomask and the second photomask partially overlap each other such that each of the first photomask and the second photomask includes an overlapping region and a non-overlapping region, the overlapping region of at least one of the first photomask and the overlapping region of the second photomask includes at least two subregions, and shapes or arrangements of the transmission parts in the at least two subregions are different from each other.

Abstract: A photoalignment method includes irradiating light in a first direction to a first alignment layer, and irradiating light in a second direction opposite the first direction, after disposing a first mask on the first alignment layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, an alignment layer disposed on at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate, the alignment layer including at least one vertical alignment monomer and a photo-alignment layer separated from the at least one vertical alignment monomer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The photo-alignment layer includes a main chain and at least one side chain connected to the main chain, and the at least one side chain includes at least one vertical photo-alignment material.

Abstract: An alignment layer is formed by forming an alignment solution on a base substrate, baking the alignment solution to form an alignment layer, and irradiating light having a wavelength of about 280 nanometers to about 340 nanometers to the alignment layer, thereby aligning the alignment layer. A liquid crystal display is manufactured using the method of forming the alignment layer.

Abstract: A photoreactive material layer includes an upper portion and a lower portion each including a uniformly aligned crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the upper portion includes a first portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the first portion of the photoreactive material and the second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in a first direction, and the lower portion includes a third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and the fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in the first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, an alignment layer disposed on at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate, the alignment layer including at least one vertical alignment monomer and a photo-alignment layer separated from the at least one vertical alignment monomer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The photo-alignment layer includes a main chain and at least one side chain connected to the main chain, and the at least one side chain includes at least one vertical photo-alignment material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) device includes a first substrate, a pixel electrode, a second substrate, a common electrode and an alignment layer. The first substrate includes a thin-film transistor (“TFT”) and a plurality of pixel areas disposed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode is disposed on the TFT. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The common electrode is disposed on the second substrate. The alignment layer includes an insulation layer and a photoalignment layer, disposed on at least one of the pixel electrode and the common electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an exposure apparatus and photo-mask, and method for manufacturing liquid crystal display using the same. An exposure apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an exposure apparatus which includes: a first photo-mask comprising a plurality of transmission parts; and a second photo-mask comprising a plurality of transmission parts, the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask comprising an overlapping region where the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask are partially overlapped, wherein at least one transmission part included in at least one of the first photo-mask and the second photo-mask in the overlapping region comprises a semi-transmission section, and a transmittance of the semi-transmission section is greater than or equal to 0% and less than 100%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate, the first alignment layer including a vertical photo-alignment material, a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate, the second alignment layer including a vertical alignment material, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for a photoalignment process includes; a first photomask including a plurality of transmission parts; and a second photomask including a plurality of transmission parts, where the first photomask and the second photomask partially overlap each other such that each of the first photomask and the second photomask includes an overlapping region and a non-overlapping region, the overlapping region of at least one of the first photomask and the overlapping region of the second photomask includes at least two subregions, and shapes or arrangements of the transmission parts in the at least two subregions are different from each other.

Abstract: An alignment layer is formed by forming an alignment solution on a base substrate, baking the alignment solution to form an alignment layer, and irradiating light having a wavelength of about 280 nanometers to about 340 nanometers to the alignment layer, thereby aligning the alignment layer. A liquid crystal display is manufactured using the method of forming the alignment layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; an alignment layer disposed on one of the first substrate and the second substrate and including a vertical photo-alignment material which includes a first vertical functional group and a photo-reactive group, and a major alignment material which does not include the photo-reactive group; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a ratio of a molar concentration of the vertical photo-alignment material to the molar concentration of the major alignment material increases in a direction towards a surface of the alignment layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A photoalignment method includes irradiating light in a first direction to a first alignment layer, and irradiating light in a second direction opposite the first direction, after disposing a first mask on the first alignment layer.