Abstract: Various embodiments may relate to an optical system. The optical system may include a lens structure configured to generate an outgoing Gaussian beam based on an incoming Gaussian beam. The optical system may also include a light source configured to provide the incoming Gaussian beam to the lens structure. The lens structure may be a flat lens or a phase plate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical lens disclosed herein includes forming a layer of a flat lens structure on a front surface of a substrate, depositing a protective metal layer on the layer of the flat lens structure and on a back surface of the substrate, wherein the protective layer includes chromium, gold, titanium, or nickel, wherein the back surface is located opposite to and away from the front surface having the layer of the flat lens structure, irradiating the protective metal layer at the front surface with a laser to form a channel (i) through the protective metal layer, (ii) through the layer of the flat lens structure and (iii) in the substrate, removing the protective metal layer at the front surface and the back surface of the substrate, and separating the layer of the flat lens structure from the substrate to obtain the optical lens, wherein the channel has a depth defined by a thickness of the substrate remaining at the channel after irradiating the protective metal layer at the front surface

Abstract: A light emitting diode structure, a lamp device and a method of forming a light emitting diode structure are provided. The structure has a substrate coated with a first reflective material; an electrode coated with a second reflective material, one or more layers of light emitting material, the layers disposed between the substrate and electrode; wherein in use, the first reflective material and second reflective material reflects light out of the structure via at least one light emitting surface and in a direction away from the electrode.