Abstract: Disclosed is an analog-to-digital converter including a comparison circuit and a counter circuit. The comparison circuit outputs a comparison result signal based on a pixel signal and a ramp signal and outputs a zero-crossing prediction signal, is the comparison circuit being configured to transition the zero-crossing prediction signal before a zero-crossing time point at which a voltage level of the pixel signal becomes identical to a voltage level of the ramp signal and during a time interval during which the voltage level of the ramp signal is reduced. The counter circuit outputs a low-order bit digital code based on the zero-crossing prediction signal and stops the output of the low-order bit digital code based on the comparison result signal.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a substrate including a display area and a pad area located on one side of the display area, a pad electrode disposed in the pad area on the substrate, a protective insulating layer disposed on the substrate and the pad electrode to expose at least a part of a top surface of the pad electrode, an inorganic encapsulation layer disposed on the protective insulating layer, and a conductive layer disposed in the pad area between an end of the inorganic encapsulation layer adjacent to the pad electrode and the protective insulating layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate that includes an opening and a display area that surrounds the opening; a plurality of grooves formed in the substrate between the opening and the display area; a display element layer on the substrate and that includes a plurality of display elements in the display area; a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the display element layer, the thin-film encapsulation layer including a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked; a planarization layer disposed over the plurality of grooves and that includes an organic insulating material, wherein the planarization layer is disposed over the second inorganic encapsulation layer, and the organic encapsulation layer is disposed below the second inorganic encapsulation layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate defining an opening and including a display area and a non-display area between the opening and display area, a pixel array including a plurality of pixels in the display area, each of the pixels having a pixel electrode, an opposite electrode facing the pixel electrode, and an intermediate layer between the pixel electrode and opposite electrode, a plurality of data lines bypassing the opening in the non-display area, first and second insulating layers, which cover the plurality of data lines, a conductive layer between the first and second insulating layers, and a thin film encapsulation layer covering the pixel array, the thin film encapsulation layer including at least one organic encapsulation layer and at least one inorganic encapsulation layer, and wherein, in the non-display area, a first groove is defined by the first insulating layer, the conductive layer, and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material composition may be represented by Equation 1, 0 . 9 ? 6 ? ( Na a ? K 1 - a ) ? ( Nb b ( T 1 - b ) ) ? O 3 - ( 0.04 - x ) ? M A ? M B ? O 3 - x ? ( Bi c ? Ag 1 - c ) ? M B ? O 3 + d ? mol ? % ? A [ Equation ? 1 ] where T is Sb, Ta, or V, MA is Sr, Ba, or Ca, MB is Zr, Hf, Ti, or Sn, and A is Fe2O3, Co2O3, Mn2O3, ZnO, GeO2, CuO, or NiO, and 0.40?a?0.60, 0.90?b?1.00, 0.30?c?0.70, 0.00?x?0.04, and 0.00<d?1.00.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material composition includes a first material, and a second material in the first material, wherein the piezoelectric material composition represented by (Equation 1) 0.96(NaaK1-a)(Nbb(Sb1-b))O3-(0.04-x)MZrO3-x(BicAg1-c)ZrO3+d mol % E, where 1, M denotes strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or calcium (Ca), E denotes the second material, 0.40?a?0.60, 0.90?b?0.98, 0.30?c?0.70, 0.00<x?0.04, and 0.00<d?5.00) or (Equation 2) 0.96(NaaK1-a)(Nbb(T1-b))O3-(0.04-x)MAMBO3-x(BicAg1-c)MBO3+d mol % E, where T denotes antimony (Sb), tantalum (Ta), or vanadium (V), MA denotes Sr, Ba, or Ca, MB denotes zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), titanium (Ti), or tin (Sn), E denotes the second material, 0.40?a?0.60, 0.90?b?1.00, 0.30?c?0.70, 0.00?x?0.04, and 0.00<d?5.00).

Abstract: Discussed is a piezoelectric device that can include a piezoelectric device layer, a first electrode layer at a first surface of the piezoelectric device layer, and a second electrode layer at a second surface, differing from the first surface, of the piezoelectric device layer, wherein the piezoelectric device layer includes a first vibration portion and a second vibration portion each provided on a same plane to have different characteristics.

Abstract: Discussed is a piezoelectric device that can include a piezoelectric device layer, a first electrode layer at a first surface of the piezoelectric device layer, and a second electrode layer at a second surface different from the first surface of the piezoelectric device layer. The piezoelectric device layer includes a first vibration portion and a second vibration portion overlapping each other in a thickness direction of the piezoelectric device layer and having different characteristics.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a conductive substrate, at least one vibration layer at one surface of the conductive substrate, and at least one electrode layer at one surface of the vibration layer. The vibration layer and the electrode layer are alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a substrate including a display area and a pad area located on one side of the display area, a pad electrode disposed in the pad area on the substrate, a protective insulating layer disposed on the substrate and the pad electrode to expose at least a part of a top surface of the pad electrode, an inorganic encapsulation layer disposed on the protective insulating layer, and a conductive layer disposed in the pad area between an end of the inorganic encapsulation layer adjacent to the pad electrode and the protective insulating layer.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a base member, a protection member, and a vibration generating part configured between the base member and the protection member to output an ultrasound, wherein the vibration generating part includes a plurality of first signal lines and a plurality of second signal lines configured on the base member to intersect with one another and a plurality of vibration parts disposed at intersections of the plurality of first signal lines and the plurality of second signal lines.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate that includes an opening and a display area that surrounds the opening; a plurality of grooves formed in the substrate between the opening and the display area; a display element layer on the substrate and that includes a plurality of display elements in the display area; a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the display element layer, the thin-film encapsulation layer including a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked; a planarization layer disposed over the plurality of grooves and that includes an organic insulating material, wherein the planarization layer is disposed over the second inorganic encapsulation layer, and the organic encapsulation layer is disposed below the second inorganic encapsulation layer.

Abstract: A display panel includes a plurality of display elements arranged in a display area, an opening, a multi-layer including a first layer and a second layer disposed on the first layer, and a groove. Each display element includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode disposed on the emission layer. The display area surrounds the opening. The groove is located between the opening and the display area. The groove has an undercut cross-section that is concave in a thickness direction of the multi-layer, the second layer includes a pair of tips that protrude toward a center of the groove, and a length of each tip is less than about 2 ?m.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vibration member, a housing at a rear surface of the vibration member, a vibration apparatus configured to vibrate the vibration member, and a curvature variable layer between the vibration member and the vibration apparatus, wherein the vibration member includes at least one flat portion and at least one flexural portion adjacent to the at least one flat portion.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel having a base member, a plate member, and a display part disposed between the base member and the plate member, a vibration layer disposed at a rear surface of the plate member, and an electrode layer disposed at the vibration layer. Further, a signal cable can be provided, which is electrically coupled to the plate member and the electrode layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, a display layer on the circuit layer, at least one hole in a display area of the substrate that penetrates the substrate, the circuit layer, and the display layer, and at least two grooves that surround the at least one hole, where each of the at least two grooves has an undercut structure. The substrate includes a first substrate, a first inorganic layer, a second substrate, and a second inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked, and each of the at least two grooves extends down from the display layer into the second substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate including a front surface and a rear surface, and including a display region and a peripheral region adjacent to the display region in a plan view; an organic light-emitting element on the display region; and a sealing layer on the organic light-emitting element. The base substrate includes: a module hole in the display region, and passing through the front surface and the rear surface; a first recess at the display region and recessed from the front surface, the first recess surrounding the module hole in the plan view; and a second recess at the display region and recessed from the front surface, the second recess surrounding the first recess in the plan view. The first recess and the second recess have different widths from each other in a direction parallel to the front surface.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vibration member, a housing at a rear surface of the vibration member, a connection member between the vibration member and the housing, and a vibration apparatus configured to vibrate the vibration member, the vibration member includes at least one flat portion and at least one flexural portion adjacent to the at least one flat portion.

Abstract: A display panel includes a peripheral region adjacent to a display region. The display region includes a hole peripheral region, and a recessed region is overlapped with the hole peripheral region. The display panel also includes a barrier layer with a penetrating opening overlapped with the recessed region, a circuit layer on the barrier layer and including a transistor and insulating layers, and a device layer including an organic light emitting area coupled to the circuit layer. In addition, a module hole is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and penetrates the base substrate, and a first groove is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and corresponds to a portion of the base substrate that is recessed from a top surface of the barrier layer and that encloses the module hole. The insulating layers include inorganic layers and an organic layer having side portions enclosing the module hole.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, a display layer on the circuit layer, at least one hole in a display area of the substrate that penetrates the substrate, the circuit layer, and the display layer, and at least two grooves that surround the at least one hole, where each of the at least two grooves has an undercut structure. The substrate includes a first substrate, a first inorganic layer, a second substrate, and a second inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked, and each of the at least two grooves extends down from the display layer into the second substrate.