Abstract: Provided is a three dimensional printing filament composition for reducing harmful substances including a thermoplastic resin at 100 parts by weight and at least one of a reducing agent in which a catalyst is supported on a support, and a photocatalyst at 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: A frequency up and down converter, in which, when down converting a high frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal or up converting an intermediate frequency signal into a high frequency signal by controlling switching elements using a local oscillator signal, a signal with a frequency to be converted is controlled a number of times during one cycle of the local oscillator signal, whereby the local oscillator signal with a frequency lower than an original frequency may be used. Transistors are added in parallel to switching transistors disposed in a frequency down conversion unit or a frequency up conversion unit, and local oscillator signals with predetermined phases and pulse widths are provided to the gates of the transistors such that a high frequency signal or an intermediate frequency signal is transferred to an output terminal at least two times during one cycle of a local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A terminal may backup data in a cloud server. The cloud server may generate a virtual device to perform substantially the same operations as the terminal, and may install an application in the virtual device if the application is determined to be unreliable by the terminal. The cloud server performs a reliability evaluation of the unreliable application and transmits the results of the reliability evaluation to the terminal. In addition, the terminal may store backup data in the cloud server. If the terminal malfunctions, the terminal may be restored by receiving the stored backup data from the cloud server. The terminal may remotely execute an application installed in the virtual device.

Abstract: A terminal device may backup data in a cloud server. The cloud server may generate a virtual apparatus to perform substantially the same operations as the terminal device, and may install an application in the virtual apparatus prior to the application being installed in the terminal device, thereby performing a virus check before the application is installed in the terminal device. In addition, the terminal device may store backup data in the cloud server. If the terminal device malfunctions, the terminal device may be restored by receiving the stored backup data from the cloud server.

Abstract: A frequency up and down converter, in which, when down converting a high frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal or up converting an intermediate frequency signal into a high frequency signal by controlling switching elements using a local oscillator signal, a signal with a frequency to be converted is controlled a number of times during one cycle of the local oscillator signal, whereby the local oscillator signal with a frequency lower than an original frequency may be used. Transistors are added in parallel to switching transistors disposed in a frequency down conversion unit or a frequency up conversion unit, and local oscillator signals with predetermined phases and pulse widths are provided to the gates of the transistors such that a high frequency signal or an intermediate frequency signal is transferred to an output terminal at least two times during one cycle of a local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A spiral double-twisted structure is provided having an n-th upper steel wire (An) and an n-th lower steel wire (Bn) which are paired with each other and rotated in one direction to form a front spiral twisted structure having a plurality of twists. Further, a k-th transverse steel wire (Ck) may be transversely inserted between the n-th upper steel wire (An)and the n-th lower steel wire (Bn)of the front spiral twisted structure. Additionally, the n-th upper steel wire (An) and the n-th lower steel wire (Bn) may be rotated in a direction opposite to the one direction after passing over the k-th transversr steel wire (Ck) serving as a centerline, in order to form a rear spiral twisted structure having a plurality of twists.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of encoding/decoding an input image frame in an image data processing system are disclosed. Using the apparatus and the method of the present invention, a total memory space of the memories required for encoding/decoding the input image frame is optimized using a slice memory. The encoder/decoder according to the present invention includes a slice memory storing each image slice of a restored image frame having T image slices and a first frame memory storing the restored image frame by copying each image slice stored in the slice memory until all of the T image slices are copied.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of encoding/decoding an input image frame in an image data processing system are disclosed. Using the apparatus and the method of the present invention, a total memory space of the memories required for encoding/decoding the input image frame is optimized using a slice memory. The encoder/decoder according to the present invention includes a slice memory storing each image slice of a restored image frame having T image slices and a first frame memory storing the restored image frame by copying each image slice stored in the slice memory until all of the T image slices are copied.