Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 wherein the copolymer is capable of improving luminous efficiency and durability, particularly, an improvement in luminescence life-span, of an electroluminescence device, particularly a quantum dot electroluminescence device.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electron transport layer disposed between the light emitting layer and the second electrode, and an organic layer disposed on the electron transport layer. The light emitting layer includes a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles, the electron transport layer includes a plurality of metal oxide nanoparticles, and the organic layer includes a polymeric acid compound.

Abstract: As a technology capable of improving the durability of an electroluminescent device, for example, luminescence lifespan, a polymeric compound including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, or a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and an electroluminescent device material or electroluminescent device including the same are provided: In Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, R11 to R14 are not the same as R41 to R44.

Abstract: A polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electroluminescence device material including the polymer, an electroluminescence device including the polymer or the electroluminescence device material, and an electronic device including the electroluminescence device are provided: In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: A quantum dot device and an electronic device. The quantum dot device includes a first electrode and an opposite facing second electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, a first electron auxiliary layer proximate to the light emitting layer and disposed between the second electrode and the light emitting layer and including a first electron auxiliary material, a second electron auxiliary layer proximate to the second electrode and disposed between the second electrode and the light emitting layer and including a second electron auxiliary material, and an insertion layer disposed between the first electron auxiliary layer and the second electron auxiliary layer and including an inorganic material, wherein a HOMO energy level of the inorganic material is deeper than a HOMO energy level of the first electron auxiliary material, and a HOMO energy level of the second electron auxiliary material, respectively.

Abstract: A quantum dot device and an electronic device. The quantum dot device includes a first electrode and a second electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, a first charge auxiliary layer disposed between the second electrode and the light emitting layer and enhancing transport of first charge carriers from the second electrode to the light emitting layer, and a buffer layer disposed between the light emitting layer and the first charge auxiliary layer and enhancing extraction of second charge carriers from the light emitting layer.

Abstract: A quantum dot quantum dot device includes a first electrode and a second electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, and a first hole auxiliary layer between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, wherein the first hole auxiliary layer includes a first hole auxiliary material and a second hole auxiliary material having a greater bandgap energy than a bandgap energy of the first hole auxiliary material, a difference between a HOMO energy level of the second hole auxiliary material and a HOMO energy level of the first hole auxiliary material is about 0.1 eV and less than about 0.8 eV, and a difference between a LUMO energy level of the second hole auxiliary material and a LUMO energy level of the first hole auxiliary material is greater than or equal to about 0.3 eV.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 capable of manufacturing an EL device by inkjet printing. In Chemical Formula 1, n is an integer of greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 10, X is a group represented by Chemical Formula 2 and a plurality of X's may be the same or different from each other, and Y is a group represented by Chemical Formula 3 and a plurality of Y's may be the same or different from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copolymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 capable of improving performance (particularly durability) of an electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A copolymer, including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, or a combination thereof: wherein R1, R2, R3, X1, X2, and Ar1 are as provided herein.

Abstract: A copolymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 wherein the copolymer is capable of improving luminous efficiency and durability, particularly, an improvement in luminescence life-span, of an electroluminescence device, particularly a quantum dot electroluminescence device.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a chassis, a light source provided on the chassis and configured to emit light; a diffuser plate disposed in front of the light source and configured to diffuse the light emitted from the light source, and a liquid crystal panel disposed in front of the diffuser plate and configured to displaying an image. The diffuser plate includes a pattern layer including diffusion patterns protruding toward the light source, and a reflective layer provided in contact with the pattern layer such that portion of light traveling through the pattern layer is totally reflected at a boundary surface between the reflective layer and the pattern layer.