Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on a winding axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes a first active material portion coated with an active material layer and a first uncoated portion not coated with an active material layer along a winding direction. At least a part of the first uncoated portion is defined as an electrode tab by itself. The first uncoated portion includes a first portion adjacent to the core of the electrode assembly, a second portion adjacent to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly, and a third portion interposed between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion or the second portion has a smaller height than the third portion in the winding axis direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, a battery, and a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. In the electrode assembly, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound based on an axis to define a core and an outer circumference. The first electrode includes an uncoated portion at a long side end thereof and exposed out of the separator along a winding axis direction of the electrode assembly. A part of the uncoated portion is bent in a radial direction of the electrode assembly to form a bending surface region that includes overlapping layers of the uncoated portion, and in a partial region of the bending surface region, the number of stacked layers of the uncoated portion is 10 or more in the winding axis direction of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an active phased array antenna capable of realizing dual-band and dual polarization. The active phased array antenna is divided into a transmission and reception domain, which has a rectangular shape and in which transmission antenna elements and reception antenna elements are enabled, and a reception domain, which has a rectangular shape and is disposed outside the transmission and reception domain and in which the transmission antenna elements are disabled and the transmission antenna elements are enabled so that one substrate is allowed to simultaneously perform transmission and reception functions, thereby reducing the size of the antenna, and furthermore, improving polarization characteristics and tilt characteristics in a broad band.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an active phased array antenna capable of realizing dual-band dual polarization. The active phased array antenna is divided into a transmission and reception domain, which has a rectangular shape and in which transmission antenna elements and reception antenna elements are enabled, and a reception domain, which has a rectangular shape and is disposed outside the transmission and reception domain and in which the transmission antenna elements are disabled and the transmission antenna elements are enabled so that one substrate is allowed to simultaneously perform transmission and reception functions, thereby reducing the size of the antenna, and simultaneously, improving xpolarization characteristics and tilt characteristics in a broad band.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an antenna radiation device in which dual band and dual polarization are realized, and according to the disclosure, a high-frequency band antenna radiation device and a low-frequency band antenna radiation device are integrated, and power feeding slot substrates in which a high-frequency power feeding slot, a low-frequency power feeding slot, and a low-frequency radiation slot are formed are stacked, so that a high-frequency signal and a low-frequency signal may be transmitted and received through a single antenna radiation device and dual polarization may be implemented, using electromagnetic wave induction and coupling effects.

Abstract: An image encoding method includes generating symbols by performing transformation and quantization according to a transformation block, on a block that performs prediction according to a prediction mode; updating a probability index of a current sub block by using a probability index of a previous sub block among sub blocks included in the transformation block; determining a rate according to a bit length of the current sub block by using the probably index; determining a rate of the transformation block by using rates of the sub blocks; determining a distortion by using a difference between an original image and a reconstruction image according to transformation and quantization; and determining a rate-distortion (R-D) cost by using the distortion and the rate.

Abstract: Provided is a video encoding method including: calculating a difference value between a rate-distortion (R-D) cost of a first coefficient level from among coefficient levels of a sub-block and an R-D cost of a second coefficient level adjacent to the first coefficient level by using a distortion difference calculated by using an integer of the first coefficient level and an integer of the second coefficient level and a rate variation between the first coefficient level and the second coefficient level; selecting one of the integer values of the first and second coefficient levels as a modified value of the first coefficient level based on the difference value; and outputting the modified value of the first coefficient level.

Abstract: Provided is a video encoding method including: calculating a difference value between a rate-distortion (R-D) cost of a first coefficient level from among coefficient levels of a sub-block and an R-D cost of a second coefficient level adjacent to the first coefficient level by using a distortion difference calculated by using an integer of the first coefficient level and an integer of the second coefficient level and a rate variation between the first coefficient level and the second coefficient level; selecting one of the integer values of the first and second coefficient levels as a modified value of the first coefficient level based on the difference value; and outputting the modified value of the first coefficient level.

Abstract: Provided is a method of encoding an image, the method including determining a scanning sequence for transforming one or more sub-blocks included in a transformation block to be identical to a sequence of quantizing the one or more sub-blocks; determining a sub-block for transformation from among the one or more sub-blocks according to the determined scanning sequence; and performing transformation by applying one or more transformation matrixes with respect to the sub-block for transformation.

Abstract: An image encoding method includes generating symbols by performing transformation and quantization according to a transformation block, on a block that performs prediction according to a prediction mode; updating a probability index of a current sub block by using a probability index of a previous sub block among sub blocks included in the transformation block; determining a rate according to a bit length of the current sub block by using the probably index; determining a rate of the transformation block by using rates of the sub blocks; determining a distortion by using a difference between an original image and a reconstruction image according to transformation and quantization; and determining a rate-distortion (R-D) cost by using the distortion and the rate.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body having a storage chamber; a shelf movably provided to the inside of the storage chamber; a guide unit guiding a movement of the shelf; and a transfer means provided at least one side of the shelf and transferring driving power for moving the shelf. Through such a configuration, it is possible to adjust height of the shelf, without drawing out the shelf to the outside of the storage chamber.

Abstract: A hinge apparatus includes an upper body, a lower body, a shaft whose lower end portion is rotatably installed in the lower body, a piston whose outer circumference is slidably installed along the inner surface of the lower body, a rotational/linear motion converter which converts a rotational motion of the shaft into an axial linear motion of the piston, a damping unit provides a damping function selectively where the piston ascends according to return of the door, a torsion spring rotates the shaft in the door closing direction, and a clutch unit for stopping the elastic force due to reverse twisting of the spring or for restoring the elastic force of the spring.

Abstract: A hinge apparatus having an automatic return function for building materials is provided, in which a return spring is removed to thereby offer a closing force of each door with only a torsion spring. The hinge apparatus includes an upper body; a lower body; a shaft whose lower end portion is rotatably installed in the lower body; a piston whose outer circumference is slidably installed along the inner surface of the lower body”, a rotational/linear motion converter which converts a rotational motion of the shaft into an axial linear motion of the piston according to rotation of the door; a damping unit which provides a damping function selectively where the piston ascends according to return of the door; a torsion spring which rotates the shaft in the direction returning the door at the closing time; and a clutch unit for stopping an increment of an elastic force due to reverse twisting of the spring where an opening angle reaches a clutch stop start angle, or for restoring the elastic force of the spring.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a refrigerator comprising: a main body having a storage chamber; a shelf movably provided to the inside of the storage chamber; a guide unit guiding a movement of the shelf; and a transfer means provided at at least one side of the shelf and transferring driving power for moving the shelf. Through such a configuration, it is possible to adjust height of the shelf, without drawing out the shelf to the outside of the storage chamber. Also, an embodiment in another form of the present invention provides a refrigerator characterized in that the guide unit is detachable in the inside of the chilling chamber. Through such a configuration, it is possible to selectively mount the guide unit and shelf on the inside of the storage chamber.