Abstract: An apparatus and a method for continuously manufacturing tempered glass are provided. The tempered glass is continuously manufactured by transferring the raw glass in one direction, spraying a boiled potassium nitrate solution to the raw glass to reinforce the raw glass, and recovering and reusing the potassium nitrate solution from the raw glass. This invention can reduce the time to manufacture tempered glass since you can manufacture tempered glass consecutively, and the cost of purchasing potassium nitrate solutions can be reduced, which has an economic advantage. Since the raw glass is preheated, strengthened and annealed by divided sections of preheating, strengthening and annealing section in one furnace, it is less likely that impurities will be attached to the raw glass due to low external exposure during each process movement, thus preventing deterioration of quality.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for continuously manufacturing tempered glass are provided. The tempered glass is continuously manufactured by transferring the raw glass in one direction, spraying a boiled potassium nitrate solution to the raw glass to reinforce the raw glass, and recovering and reusing the potassium nitrate solution from the raw glass. This invention can reduce the time to manufacture tempered glass since you can manufacture tempered glass consecutively, and the cost of purchasing potassium nitrate solutions can be reduced, which has an economic advantage. Since the raw glass is preheated, strengthened and annealed by divided sections of preheating, strengthening and annealing section in one furnace, it is less likely that impurities will be attached to the raw glass due to low external exposure during each process movement, thus preventing deterioration of quality.

Abstract: A fuel processor includes a reformer that generates hydrogen gas by reacting a fuel source and water; a burner that heats the reformer to a temperature suitable for a hydrogen generation reaction; a CO shift reactor that removes CO generated during the hydrogen generation reaction in the reformer; a heating element for heating the CO shift reactor; and a cooling element for cooling the CO shift reactor, wherein the cooling element comprises at least one of a cooling water flow line for heat exchange with the CO shift reactor when cooling water flows through the cooling water flow line and a cooling gas flow line for heat exchange with the CO shift reactor when a cooling gas, which is a burner exhaust gas that has heat exchanged with cooling water, flows through the cooling gas flow line. When the fuel processor is operated, a stable CO removal performance can be maintained since the temperature of the CO shift reactor can be actively controlled.

Abstract: A fuel processor and a fuel cell system which have a desulfurizer with multiple sensors, and a method of measuring an adsorbent state in of an adsorbent the desulfurizer. The desulfurizer determines the saturation state of the adsorbent using a signal difference between at least two sensors installed adjacent to an inlet and an outlet of the desulfurizer. The desulfurizer provides an accurate determination of the saturation of the adsorbent, and can be used to determine when the adsorbent should be changed. Two desulfurizers can be alternatively used to allow for a consistent fuel flow.

Abstract: A fuel processor having a CO removal unit including an apparatus for warming a CO shifter, is provided. A method of using the fuel processor is also provided. The fuel processor includes a reformer that extracts hydrogen gas from a raw fuel by reacting the raw fuel with water. A burner heats up the reformer to a temperature suitable for extracting the hydrogen gas. A CO shifter removes CO produced during the extraction reaction from the hydrogen gas, and a medium path line in which a heat exchange medium disposed therein absorbs heat from the reformer and passes the heat to the CO shifter. A fuel processor having the above structure can greatly reduce the time required to increases the temperature of the CO shifter to an appropriate operating temperature at an early stage of start up, since a rapid heating of the CO shifter is possible using the heat exchange of steam.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide and a method of preparing the same. The catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide includes platinum and a transition metal which exists in a bimetallic phase, and the bimetallic phase of the platinum and the transition metal is supported by a support including a vacancy of oxygen. The catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide shows much higher activity than a conventional catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide even at a relatively low temperature.

Abstract: A methanation catalyst, a carbon monoxide removing system, a fuel processor, and a fuel cell including the same, and more particularly a non-supported methanation catalyst including the catalytically active non-precious metal particles and the metal oxide particles, and a carbon monoxide removing system, a fuel processor, and a fuel cell including the same. The methanation catalyst has high selectivity for the methanation of carbon monoxide instead of the methanation of carbon dioxide and the reverse water gas shift reaction of carbon dioxide, which are side reactions of the methanation of carbon monoxide, maintains high concentration of generated hydrogen as small amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are consumed, and effectively removes carbon monoxide at low operating temperatures of 200° C. or less.

Abstract: A fuel processor having a movable burner, a method of operating the fuel processor, and a fuel cell system having the fuel processor. The fuel processor includes a combustion chamber, a reformer burner, a portion of which is partially disposed inside the combustion chamber, a reformer which is heated by heat transfer from the combustion chamber, and a burner-moving apparatus that moves the reformer burner with respect to the combustion chamber. The method of operating the fuel processor includes determining the load on and a plurality of temperatures within the fuel processor and moving the reformer burner depending upon such information.

Abstract: A desulfurizer for fuel gas for a fuel cell includes: a first adsorption tank including an adsorber having selective adsorption capacity for a thiophene-based compound and a second adsorption tank including an adsorber having selective adsorption capacity for a mercaptan-based compound. The desulfurizer uses separate adsorbers having selective adsorption capacity for a thiophene-based compound and a mercaptan-based compound, in multiple stages to perform a more efficient and economical desulfurizing of a fuel gas to remove various sulfur compounds, especially thiophene-based compounds and mercaptan-based compounds compared to a desulfurizer using a single adsorber.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that includes a liquid fuel tank containing a non-sulfur-containing liquid fuel and water; a reformer generating a hydrogen-rich gas from the liquid fuel and water received from the liquid fuel tank; a reformer burner heating the reformer by burning a gaseous fuel received from a gaseous fuel tank, and a fuel cell stack generating electrical energy from the hydrogen-rich gas received from the reformer. The liquid fuel tank is connected to the gaseous fuel tank, and the liquid fuel mixed with water is supplied to the reformer by the pressure of the gaseous fuel tank.

Abstract: A support for a fuel reforming catalyst includes aluminum (Al); and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) encapsulating the aluminum, wherein a total volume of micropores and mesopores is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 ml/g per unit mass, and a volume of macropores is in the range of 0.4 to 1.2 ml/g per unit mass, and a method of preparing the same. The support has excellent heat transfer characteristics due to its high thermal conductivity and excellent mass transfer characteristics because the micropores, mesopores, and macropores exist in a proper ratio. Accordingly, if the support is used for a supported catalyst that is used in a reaction, in which the reaction rate is controlled by heat transfer and mass transfer, such as a fuel reforming reaction, the activity of the catalyst is enhanced. In addition, the support can be easily formed as desired due to its high mechanical strength.

Abstract: A stack-type capacitor includes a lower electrode, a dielectric layer formed on the lower electrode, and an upper electrode formed on the dielectric layer, wherein the lower electrode includes a first metal layer having a cylindrical shape and a second metal layer filled in the first metal layer. In the capacitor, an amount of oxygen included in the lower electrode is decreased to suppress oxidation of a TiN layer. Thus, a stable stack-type capacitor may be formed, which increases greatly the performance of highly integrated DRAMs.

Abstract: A catalytic system for CO removal includes a gold (Au) catalyst and a co-catalyst in contact with an aqueous phase, and a fuel cell system using the same. The catalytic system is relatively very simple compared to a common CO removal system, and can highly efficiently remove CO at low temperature without side reaction. In addition, water contacted in the catalytic system can act as a buffer for the rise and fall of temperature, and thus, can cope with an accidental temperature change. Further, the catalytic system shows a low operation temperature, and thus, can be operated over a broad operation range considering the activity and/or selectivity of the gold catalyst, etc.

Abstract: A desulfurization adsorbent for a fuel cell has a structure according to Formula 1 below, and a desulfurizing method uses the desulfurization adsorbent. The desulfurization adsorbent displays remarkably excellent adsorption performance for adsorbing sulfur compounds as well as excellent regeneration performance, compared with conventional desulfurization adsorbents. Thus, the desulfurization adsorbent does not need to be replaced even after prolonged use, thus stabilizing the operation of a fuel cell system and reducing costs. (M1)a-(Si)x—(Ti)y-(M2)z-O??[Formula 1] wherein M1 is at least one selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, hydrogen, ammonium, rare earths, and transition metals; 4?x/y?500, 0?z/y?3, 0?a/(y+z)?1; and M2 is aluminum (Al), boron (B) or a trivalent metal.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a method of preparing the same, and a fuel processor including the same includes the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst having an active catalyst component impregnated in a oxide carrier and a thermally conductive material having higher thermal conductivity than that of the oxide carrier, the method of preparing the same, and a fuel processor including the same. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and thermal conductivity, and thus can easily transfer heat required in a hydrocarbon reforming reaction. Accordingly, by using the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst above, a high hydrogen production rate can be obtained.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator having double burners and a method of operating the samewhere the hydrogen generator includes a housing, a barrier wall to divide a space in the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber, a fuel reformer installed in the first chamber, a first burner installed in the first chamber to heat a fuel reformer, a shift reactor installed in the second chamber, a second burner mounted in the barrier wall to heat the shift reactor, and a first igniter and a second igniter respectively ignite the first burner and the second burner.

Abstract: Provided are non-magnetic nickel powders and a method for preparing the same. The nickel powders are non-magnetic and have a HCP crystal structure. An exemplary method includes (a) dispersing nickel powders with a FCC crystal structure in an organic solvent to prepare a starting material dispersion, and (b) heating the starting material dispersion to transform the nickel powders with the FCC crystal structure to the nickel powders with the HCP crystal structure. The nickel powders do not exhibit magnetic agglomeration or aggregation phenomenon. Therefore, exemplary pastes for inner electrode formation in various electronic devices, which contain the nickel powders of the present disclosure, can be provided in a relatively uniform, well-dispersed state because of the reduced aggregation and agglomeration of the nickel powder. Also, inner electrodes made of the nickel powders can have a low impedance value even at high frequency band.

Abstract: A non-pyrophoric shift reaction catalyst includes an oxide carrier impregnated with platinum (Pt) and cerium (Ce). The non-pyrophoric shift reaction catalyst may be prepared by uniformly mixing a platinum precursor, a cerium precursor, and an oxide carrier in a dispersing medium to obtain a mixture; drying the mixture; and calcining the dried mixture. The shift reaction catalyst having a non-pyrophoric property has an excellent reaction activity even at a low temperature and can efficiently remove carbon monoxide in fuel.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The semiconductor device includes a lower wire, an interlayer insulating film formed on the lower wire and having a via hole exposing the upper surface of the lower wire, a diffusion barrier formed on the inner wall of the via hole, and an upper wire filling the via hole and directly contacting the lower wire, in which a dopant region containing a component of the diffusion barrier is formed in the lower wire in the extension direction of the via hole.

Abstract: A zeolite adsorbent for desulfurization and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a zeolite adsorbent for desulfurization in which the relative crystallinity of Y zeolite that is ion exchanged with Ag is 45% to 98%, and a method of preparing the same. The zeolite adsorbent for desulfurization has excellent crystallinity over the known zeolite adsorbent for desulfurization, and thus has better performance of adsorbing sulfur compounds though it contains less Ag. Accordingly, when the sulfur compounds of a fuel gas are removed by employing the zeolite adsorbent for desulfurization, a desulfurizing device that is bettereven with less cost can be constructed.