Abstract: A display panel includes a plurality of display elements arranged in a display area, an opening, a multi-layer including a first layer and a second layer disposed on the first layer, and a groove. Each display element includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode disposed on the emission layer. The display area surrounds the opening. The groove is located between the opening and the display area. The groove has an undercut cross-section that is concave in a thickness direction of the multi-layer, the second layer includes a pair of tips that protrude toward a center of the groove, and a length of each tip is less than about 2 ?m.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vibration member, a housing at a rear surface of the vibration member, a vibration apparatus configured to vibrate the vibration member, and a curvature variable layer between the vibration member and the vibration apparatus, wherein the vibration member includes at least one flat portion and at least one flexural portion adjacent to the at least one flat portion.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, a display layer on the circuit layer, at least one hole in a display area of the substrate that penetrates the substrate, the circuit layer, and the display layer, and at least two grooves that surround the at least one hole, where each of the at least two grooves has an undercut structure. The substrate includes a first substrate, a first inorganic layer, a second substrate, and a second inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked, and each of the at least two grooves extends down from the display layer into the second substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel having a base member, a plate member, and a display part disposed between the base member and the plate member, a vibration layer disposed at a rear surface of the plate member, and an electrode layer disposed at the vibration layer. Further, a signal cable can be provided, which is electrically coupled to the plate member and the electrode layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate including a front surface and a rear surface, and including a display region and a peripheral region adjacent to the display region in a plan view; an organic light-emitting element on the display region; and a sealing layer on the organic light-emitting element. The base substrate includes: a module hole in the display region, and passing through the front surface and the rear surface; a first recess at the display region and recessed from the front surface, the first recess surrounding the module hole in the plan view; and a second recess at the display region and recessed from the front surface, the second recess surrounding the first recess in the plan view. The first recess and the second recess have different widths from each other in a direction parallel to the front surface.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vibration member, a housing at a rear surface of the vibration member, a connection member between the vibration member and the housing, and a vibration apparatus configured to vibrate the vibration member, the vibration member includes at least one flat portion and at least one flexural portion adjacent to the at least one flat portion.

Abstract: A display panel includes a peripheral region adjacent to a display region. The display region includes a hole peripheral region, and a recessed region is overlapped with the hole peripheral region. The display panel also includes a barrier layer with a penetrating opening overlapped with the recessed region, a circuit layer on the barrier layer and including a transistor and insulating layers, and a device layer including an organic light emitting area coupled to the circuit layer. In addition, a module hole is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and penetrates the base substrate, and a first groove is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and corresponds to a portion of the base substrate that is recessed from a top surface of the barrier layer and that encloses the module hole. The insulating layers include inorganic layers and an organic layer having side portions enclosing the module hole.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, a display layer on the circuit layer, at least one hole in a display area of the substrate that penetrates the substrate, the circuit layer, and the display layer, and at least two grooves that surround the at least one hole, where each of the at least two grooves has an undercut structure. The substrate includes a first substrate, a first inorganic layer, a second substrate, and a second inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked, and each of the at least two grooves extends down from the display layer into the second substrate.

Abstract: A display panel includes a peripheral region adjacent to a display region. The display region includes a hole peripheral region, and a recessed region is overlapped with the hole peripheral region. The display panel also includes a barrier layer with a penetrating opening overlapped with the recessed region, a circuit layer on the barrier layer and including a transistor and insulating layers, and a device layer including an organic light emitting area coupled to the circuit layer. In addition, a module hole is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and penetrates the base substrate, and a first groove is overlapped with the hole peripheral region and corresponds to a portion of the base substrate that is recessed from a top surface of the barrier layer and that encloses the module hole. The insulating layers include inorganic layers and an organic layer having side portions enclosing the module hole.

Abstract: A display device capable of improving reliability (e.g., impact resistance) of a display panel having a through-hole, and a method of manufacturing a display device are provided. A display device includes: a camera module including a lens; a display panel including a through-hole overlapping the camera module on a plane; a window glass on the display panel; and a filling member in the through-hole and opposing each of the camera module and the window glass. A refractive index difference between an end portion of the filling member and the lens is about 0.7 or less, and a refractive index difference between another end portion of the filling member and the window glass is about 0.5 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analog-to-digital converter including a comparison circuit and a counter circuit. The comparison circuit outputs a comparison result signal based on a pixel signal and a ramp signal and outputs a zero-crossing prediction signal, is the comparison circuit being configured to transition the zero-crossing prediction signal before a zero-crossing time point at which a voltage level of the pixel signal becomes identical to a voltage level of the ramp signal and during a time interval during which the voltage level of the ramp signal is reduced. The counter circuit outputs a low-order bit digital code based on the zero-crossing prediction signal and stops the output of the low-order bit digital code based on the comparison result signal.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vibration member, a housing at a rear surface of the vibration member, a connection member between the vibration member and the housing, and a vibration apparatus configured to vibrate the vibration member, the vibration member includes at least one flat portion and at least one flexural portion adjacent to the at least one flat portion.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a vibration device. The vibration device includes a vibration portion including a piezoelectric material, a first electrode portion at a first surface of the vibration portion and configured as a plurality of circular patterns, and a second electrode portion at a second surface different from the first surface of the vibration portion and configured as a single electrode, and the vibration device generates an ultrasound wave.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus and an apparatus including the same are provided. The vibration apparatus includes a first vibration portion including a first material and a second vibration portion disposed adjacent to the first vibration portion, the second vibration portion including a second material. The apparatus including the vibration apparatus further includes a vibration object; a vibration generating apparatus at the vibration object; and a connection member between the vibration object and the vibration generating apparatus.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a pixel, an encapsulation layer, a pad electrode, and a circuit board. The substrate includes a display area and a pad area positioned outside the display area. The pixel is disposed on the display area. The encapsulation layer covers the pixel. The pad electrode is disposed on the pad area. A first surface of the pad electrode contains fluorine, overlaps a second surface of the pad electrode, and is positioned farther from the substrate than the second surface of the pad electrode is. The circuit board overlaps the pad electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate that includes an opening and a display area that surrounds the opening; a plurality of grooves formed in the substrate between the opening and the display area; a display element layer on the substrate and that includes a plurality of display elements in the display area; a thin-film encapsulation layer disposed on the display element layer, the thin-film encapsulation layer including a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer which are sequentially stacked; a planarization layer disposed over the plurality of grooves and that includes an organic insulating material, wherein the planarization layer is disposed over the second inorganic encapsulation layer, and the organic encapsulation layer is disposed below the second inorganic encapsulation layer.

Abstract: A display panel including: a substrate including an opening area and a display area surrounding the opening area; a plurality of display elements, each including a pixel electrode, an emission layer, and an opposite electrode, the plurality of display elements being located in the display area; a thin-film encapsulation layer covering the plurality of display elements and including an organic encapsulation layer and an inorganic encapsulation layer; a plurality of grooves located between the opening area and the display area, the plurality of grooves being concave in a depth direction of the substrate and having an undercut structure; and a partition wall located between neighboring grooves among the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: A display panel includes a plurality of display elements arranged in a display area, an opening, a multi-layer including a first layer and a second layer disposed on the first layer, and a groove. Each display element includes a pixel electrode, an emission layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode disposed on the emission layer. The display area surrounds the opening. The groove is located between the opening and the display area. The groove has an undercut cross-section that is concave in a thickness direction of the multi-layer, the second layer includes a pair of tips that protrude toward a center of the groove, and a length of each tip is less than about 2 ?m.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate having a display area surrounding a through area, and a peripheral area between the through and display areas, a light-emitting element on the display area, a first dam on the peripheral area and surrounding the through area, a first protruding pattern on the first dam and protruding toward the display area from the first dam to define an undercut region, a boundary portion extending from the display area toward the first dam, the boundary portion being spaced apart from the first dam to define a first receiving space therebetween, and an encapsulation layer continuously extending from the display area to the peripheral area, the encapsulation layer including at least one organic layer with a first filling portion filling at least part of the first receiving space and protruding toward the first dam to be aligned with the undercut region.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, a display layer on the circuit layer, at least one hole in a display area of the substrate that penetrates the substrate, the circuit layer, and the display layer, and at least two grooves that surround the at least one hole, where each of the at least two grooves has an undercut structure. The substrate includes a first substrate, a first inorganic layer, a second substrate, and a second inorganic layer, which are sequentially stacked, and each of the at least two grooves extends down from the display layer into the second substrate.