Abstract: The bicycle bell includes a bell body, a thumb-operated clapper or lever adapted to strike the bell body in order to produce a sound, a frame element holding the bell body and the thumb-operated clapper or lever, and a mounting mechanism carrying the frame element. The mounting mechanism includes a mounting shoe having at least one abutment surface adapted to abut a flat surface of an object and a permanent magnet arranged in the mounting shoe, and the at least one abutment surface of the mounting shoe spans at least a distance corresponding to a third of a largest dimension of the bell body.

Abstract: A method and device partition physical transmission resources of a physical network. At first, a set of logical networks is established on top of the physical network. The logical networks comprise nodes and logical links extending between the nodes so as to form the logical networks. The logical links are used by routes. Next, the capacities of the logical links of the logical networks are determined such that the route blocking probability on each individual route in each one of the logical networks is less than or equal to a maximum allowed blocking probability for each individual route. This is realized by distributing, for each individual route, the route blocking evenly among the logical links used by the individual route. Finally, the physical transmission resources are allocated among the logical links of the logical networks according to the determination.

Abstract: A set of logical networks is established on top of a physical network Next, a predefined objective function, closely related to the operation and performance of the physical network, which physical network is viewed as the set of logical networks, is optimized with respect to at least one set of decision variables. Finally, the decision variables in accordance with the optimization are used to control the operation of the overall network system. Physical transmission resources are partitioned among logical networks. Traffic loads are distributed among routes interconnecting the nodes of node pairs.

Abstract: A device for distributing resources of a given physical network among logical links by subdividing physical link capacities into logical links using an algorithm. The device comprises a first neural network, in which one part of the algorithm is implemented, and a second neural network, in which a second part of the algorithm is implemented, said two neural networks interworking to compute logical link capacities. Furthermore, a method for distributing resources of a given physical network among logical links by subdividing physical link capacities into said logical links is provided. More specifically, the method involves the use of a first neural network, in which one part of an algorithm is implemented, and a second neural network, in which a second part of an algorithm is implemented, said two neural networks interworking to compute logical link capacities so that the operation of the physical network, given an objective function, is generally optimized, according to the objective function.

Abstract: Methods and devices for handling a buffer in packet networks, particularly in regard of loss and delay of packets, which belong to predetermined or implicitly given loss priority classes and delay priority classes. When a packet arrives at the buffer, its loss priority and delay priority classes are determined. For each loss priority class, there is a predetermined threshold value, and a total filling level of the buffer, i.e., the total number of packets stored, is compared to the threshold value of the packet's loss priority class. If the threshold value is larger than the total filling level, the packet is buffered in order to be forwarded; otherwise, the packet is lost. In determining whether a packet is to be buffered or lost, the packet's delay priority is not taken into account. In forwarding packets from the buffer, those packets that belong to higher delay priority classes are chosen in the usual way before packets belonging to lower delay priority classes.