Abstract: In a method for the precipitation of particles of a metal carbonate material comprising nickel and manganese in an atomic ratio of 0?Ni:Mn?1:3, aqueous solutions comprising sulfates or nitrates of nickel and manganese are mixed with aqueous solutions of carbonates or mixtures of carbonates and hydroxides of sodium or potassium in a stirred reactor at pH>7.5 without the use of a chelating agent. Thereby agglomerated particles are formed without any subsequent process steps, in particular no subsequent process at temperatures higher than the precipitation temperature.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material intermediate including less than 80 wt % spinel phase and a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4-? wherein 0.9?x?1.1; 0.4?y?0.5; and 0.1??. Further, a process for the preparation of a lithium positive electrode active material with high tap density for a high voltage secondary battery where the cathode is fully or partially operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, comprising the steps of a)heating a precursor in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. to obtain a lithium positive electrode active material intermediate; b)heating the product of step a. in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C.; wherein the mass of the product of step b. increases by at least 0.25% compared to the mass of the product of step a.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery, where the lithium positive electrode active material comprises at least 94 wt % spinel. The spinel has a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4, wherein: 0.95?x?1.05; 0.43?y?0.47; and wherein the lithium positive electrode active material has a capacity of at least 138 mAh/g, wherein y is determined by means of a method selected from the group consisting of electrochemical determination, X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The invention also relates to a process for preparation of a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery of the invention as well as a secondary battery comprising a lithium positive electrode active material according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery: the lithium positive electrode active material comprising at least 94 wt % spinel, where the spinel has a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4, wherein: 0.95?x?1.05; 0.43?y?0.47. The lithium positive electrode active material is made up of particles characterized by one or more of the following parameter ranges: the particles have average aspect ratio below 1.6, the particles have a roughness below 1.35, particles have a circularity above 0.55. Then invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the lithium positive electrode active material as well as a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery, where the lithium positive electrode active material comprising a spinel, and the spinel has a chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4, wherein: 0.95?x?1.05; and 0.43?y?0.47. The lithium positive electrode active material is synthesized from precursors containing Li, Ni, and Mn in a ratio Li:Ni:Mn:X:Y:2?Y, wherein: 0.95?X?1.05; and 0.42?Y<0.5. The present invention also relates to a process of preparing the lithium positive electrode active material as well as a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a sodium metal oxide material comprising NaxMyCozO2-?, where M is one or more of the following elements: Mn, Cu, Ti, Fe, Mg, Ni, V, Zn, Al, Li, Sn, Si, Ga, Ge, Sb, W, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, 0.7?x?1.3, 0.9?y?1.1, 0?z<0.15, 0???0.2 and wherein the average length of primary particles of said sodium metal oxide material is between 2 and 10 ?m, preferably between 5 and 10 ?m. The invention also relates to such a material.

Abstract: In a method for the precipitation of particles of a metal carbonate material comprising nickel and manganese in an atomic ratio of 0?Ni:Mn?1:3, aqueous solutions comprising sulfates or nitrates of nickel and manganese are mixed with aqueous solutions of carbonates or mixtures of carbonates and hydroxides of sodium or potassium in a stirred reactor at pH>7.5 without the use of a chelating agent. Thereby agglomerated particles are formed without any subsequent process steps, in particular no subsequent process at temperatures higher than the precipitation temperature.

Abstract: A method of producing a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type, including the steps of: a) preparing an acidic solution by dissolving copper and zinc salts in water in desired molar ratio, b) preparing a basic solution by dissolving an alkali metal stannate together with an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide or a combination thereof, and optionally with an alkali metal selenate or an alkali metal selenite or a mixture thereof, c) carrying out a precipitation reaction by mixing the acidic and the basic solution, d) drying the precipitate thereby providing a precursor for the kesterite material, and e) sulfurizing the precursor of step d to provide the kesterite material. Also, a precursor for a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium positive electrode active material for a high voltage secondary battery, where the cathode is fully or partially operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+. The lithium positive electrode active material comprises at least 95 wt % spinel having a chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-y-zDzO4, wherein 0.9?x?1.1, 0.4?y?0.5, 0.02?z?0.2, wherein D is a dopant chosen between the following elements: Co, Cu, Ti, Zn, Mg, Fe or combinations thereof. The lithium positive electrode active material is a powder composed of secondary particles formed by primary particles, wherein said lithium positive electrode active material has a tap density of at least 1.9 g/cm3. The invention also relates to process for preparing the lithium positive electrode active material of the invention and a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the precipitation of a solid material, where the method comprises: providing an aqueous metal ion solution, said metal ion solution comprising TiOSO4 and metal ions of a metal M, where M is one or more of the elements: Mg, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe; providing an aqueous carbonate solution; and mixing said aqueous metal ion solution and said aqueous carbonate solution thereby providing a solid material comprising titanium and a metal carbonate comprising said metal(s) M, where the titanium is homogeneously distributed within the solid material. The invention also relates to a solid material, a method of preparing a positive electrode material for a secondary battery from the solid material and the use of the solid material as a precursor for the preparation of a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material intermediate including less than 80 wt % spinel phase and a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4-? wherein 0.9?x?1.1; 0.4?y?0.5; and 0.1??. Further, a process for the preparation of a lithium positive electrode active material with high tap density for a high voltage secondary battery where the cathode is fully or partially operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, comprising the steps of a)heating a precursor in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. to obtain a lithium positive electrode active material intermediate; b)heating the product of step a. in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C.; wherein the mass of the product of step b. increases by at least 0.25% compared to the mass of the product of step a.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material intermediate comprising less than 80 wt % spinel phase and a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4-? wherein 0.9?x?1.1; 0.4?y?0.5; and 0.1??; where the lithium positive electrode active material intermediate has been heat treated in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. A process for the preparation of a lithium positive electrode active material with high tap density for a high voltage secondary battery where the cathode is fully or partially operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, comprising the steps of a) heating a precursor in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. to obtain a lithium positive electrode active material intermediate; b) heating the product of step a. in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material including at least 95 wt % spinel having a chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-y-z1-z2D1z1D2z2O4, wherein 0.9?x?1.1, 0.4?y?0.5, 0.005?z1?0.2, 0?z2?0.2, wherein D1 and D2 are dopants chosen between the following elements: Co, Cu, Ti, Zn, Mg, Fe or combinations thereof. D1 and D2 are different dopants, and the lithium positive electrode active material is a powder composed of material particles, wherein the distribution of dopant D1 is non-uniform along a radial axis of the material particles and the distribution of the dopant D2 is substantially uniform along the radial axis of the material particles. Also, a process for preparing the lithium positive electrode active material and a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material including at least 95 wt % spinel having a chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-y-z1-z2D1z1D2z2O4, wherein 0.9?x?1.1, 0.4?y?0.5, 0.005?z1?0.2, 0?z2?0.2, wherein D1 and D2 are dopants chosen between the following elements: Co, Cu, Ti, Zn, Mg, Fe or combinations thereof. D1 and D2 are different dopants, and the lithium positive electrode active material is a powder composed of material particles, wherein the distribution of dopant D1 is non-uniform along a radial axis of the material particles and the distribution of the dopant D2 is substantially uniform along the radial axis of the material particles. Also, a process for preparing the lithium positive electrode active material and a secondary battery comprising the lithium positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A method of producing a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type, including the steps of: a) preparing an acidic solution by dissolving copper and zinc salts in water in desired molar ratio, b) preparing a basic solution by dissolving an alkali metal stannate together with an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide or a combination thereof, and optionally with an alkali metal selenate or an alkali metal selenite or a mixture thereof, c) carrying out a precipitation reaction by mixing the acidic and the basic solution, d) drying the precipitate thereby providing a precursor for the kesterite material, and e) sulfurizing the precursor of step d to provide the kesterite material. Also, a precursor for a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode active material for a high voltage secondary battery with a cathode arranged for being fully or mainly operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, wherein the cathode active material is an oxide that comprises sulfate as a capacity fade reducing compound. The invention also relates to a cathode active material for a high voltage secondary battery having the composition LixMyMn2?yO4?v(SO4)z, where 0.9?x?1.1, 0.4?y?0.5, 0<z?0.1, 0?v?z and M is a transition metal chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, Ga, Rb, Ge, Mo, Nb, Zr, Si and combinations thereof, wherein the cathode active material comprises sulfate as a capacity fade reducing compound. Furthermore, the invention relates to a secondary battery comprising the cathode active material according to the invention, and to a method for preparing the cathode active materials of the invention.

Abstract: A lithium positive electrode active material intermediate comprising less than 80 wt % spinel phase and a net chemical composition of LixNiyMn2-yO4-? wherein 0.9?x?1.1; 0.4?y?0.5; and 0.1??; where the lithium positive electrode active material intermediate has been heat treated in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. A process for the preparation of a lithium positive electrode active material with high tap density for a high voltage secondary battery where the cathode is fully or partially operated above 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+, comprising the steps of a) heating a precursor in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C. to obtain a lithium positive electrode active material intermediate; b) heating the product of step a. in a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from 300° C. to 1200° C.

Abstract: Systems and methods of managing an engine-driven electric generator. An example method may include populating an efficiency database with fuel provided and electrical power output data for the engine-driven electric generator. The method may also include receiving a desired electrical power output of the engine-driven electric generator. The method may also include adjusting fuel provided to the engine-driven electric generator to generate the desired electrical power output using the efficiency database.

Abstract: Systems and methods of managing a pool of engine-driven electric generators. An example method may include populating an efficiency database with fuel provided and electrical power output data for each of the engine-driven electric generators in the pool. The method may also include receiving a desired electrical power output from the pool of the engine-driven electric generators. The method may also include adjusting fuel provided to at least one of the engine-driven electric generators in the pool to generate the desired electrical power output using the efficiency database.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of NO2 emission from a lean burn compression ignition engine, wherein NO2 containing engine exhaust gas is brought in contact with a catalyst being active in the reduction of NO2 to NO and comprising at least one platinum group metal with the proviso that the platinum metal is not platinum and at least one redox active metal oxide and thereby reducing NO2 contained in the exhaust gas to NO by reaction with CO, hydrocarbons and/or soot being present in the exhaust gas.