Abstract: A phase-type diffraction device includes a substrate having a front surface and a solidified liquid crystal layer formed on the front surface of the substrate and constituted by a continuous film containing at least a liquid crystal compound. The solidified liquid crystal layer is constituted by first, second and third regions arranged periodically, the third region being interposed between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically anisotropic and the second region is optically isotropic, the third region is not optically isotropic, a degree of orientation of mesogens of the liquid crystal compound being lower than that of the first region. An in-plane average refractive index ni of the second region is different from an in-plane average refractive index na of the first region and an in-plane average refractive index nm of the third region is between ni and na.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer facing its main surface. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions, and a degree of depolarization for each of the regions is less than 5.0×10?4. A difference between the maximum and minimum values of the degrees of depolarization obtained for the regions is less than 2.0×10?4.

Abstract: A retardation layer includes plurality of regions different in retardation. A retardation plate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer is a continuous film made of a same material, and has biaxial optical anisotropy. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes plurality of regions, the regions being different in an in-plane retardation and a thickness direction retardation.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A phase-type diffraction device includes a substrate having a front surface and a solidified liquid crystal layer formed on the front surface of the substrate and constituted by a continuous film containing at least a liquid crystal compound. The solidified liquid crystal layer is constituted by first, second and third regions arranged periodically, the third region being interposed between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically anisotropic and the second region is optically isotropic, the third region is not optically isotropic, a degree of orientation of mesogens of the liquid crystal compound being lower than that of the first region. An in-plane average refractive index ni of the second region is different from an in-plane average refractive index na of the first region and an in-plane average refractive index nm of the third region is between ni and na.

Abstract: A phase-type diffraction device is provided, which includes a transparent substrate having a front surface and a rear surface, and a solidified liquid crystal layer formed on the front surface of the transparent substrate and constituted by a continuous film includes at least a liquid crystal compound. The solidified liquid crystal layer is constituted by first and second regions arranged periodically. The first region is optically anisotropic and the second region is optically isotropic. The first region differs in in-plane average refractive index from the second region.

Abstract: A color filter comprising a substrate, a red pixel, green pixel and blue pixel, each being disposed on the substrate, wherein a perpendicular optical retardation RRth of the red pixel, a perpendicular optical retardation GRth of the green pixel, and a perpendicular optical retardation BRth of the blue pixel satisfy the following formulas (1) and (2): |(RRth?BRth)|?|(GRth?BRth)|?0??(1) |(RRth?BRth)|?|(RRth?GRth)|?0??(2) wherein RRth, GRth and BRth represent, respectively, a product of a thickness [nm] of a pixel and a value obtained by subtracting a value of thickness-wise refractive index from an average value of an in-plane refractive index of each of these pixels.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer facing its main surface. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions, and a degree of depolarization for each of the regions is less than 5.0×10?4. A difference between the maximum and minimum values of the degrees of depolarization obtained for the regions is less than 2.0×10?4.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a color filter including a substrate, and at least three color pixels disposed thereon, the method includes determining an oblique visibility of a liquid crystal display device equipped with the color filter on the basis of value ?1 obtained from the equation (1): ?1=?ab?(?)·T(?)d???(1) wherein “a” and “b” are values respectively representing a wavelength range of a continuous wavelength light and satisfying conditions of 380?a, b?780 and a<b; ?(?) represents an optical retardation obtained by irradiating each of color pixels with a continuous wavelength light containing light components with wavelength ? falling within a range of 380 nm to 780 nm at an incident angle, and subjecting the transmitted light to measurement using a spectroscopic ellipsometer, and T(?) represents a spectral transmittance of the color pixels measured at the wavelength ? falling within a range of 380 nm-780 nm.

Abstract: A retardation substrate is provided, which includes a substrate and an optically anisotropic solidified liquid crystal layer which is supported by the substrate and formed as a continuous film made from a same material. The solidified liquid crystal layer comprises first to third regions each having two sub-regions which are a sub-region A and a sub-region B, an in-plane birefringence of the 1A sub-region is larger than that of the 2A sub-region, the in-plane birefringence of the 3A sub-region is smaller than that of the 2A sub-region, and an in-plane birefringence of the 1B sub-region is the same as that of the 3B sub-region, smaller than that of the 1A sub-region and larger than that of the 3A sub-region.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A retardation plate includes a light transmissive planar body and a solidified liquid crystal layer which is a continuous film made from the same material supported by the planar body. The solidified liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of regions in which a thickness direction refractive indices are lowest. The plurality of regions are arranged on the planar body, each region has a different in-plane retardation and different thickness direction retardation caused by the degree of orientational disorder of mesogens and anisotropy of orientational disorder of mesogens.

Abstract: A retardation layer includes plurality of regions different in retardation. A retardation plate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer is a continuous film made of a same material, and has biaxial optical anisotropy. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes plurality of regions, the regions being different in an in-plane retardation and a thickness direction retardation.

Abstract: A retardation substrate is provided, which includes a substrate and an optically anisotropic solidified liquid crystal layer which is supported by the substrate and formed as a continuous film made from a same material. The solidified liquid crystal layer comprises first to third regions each having two sub-regions which are a sub-region A and a sub-region B, an in-plane birefringence of the 1A sub-region is larger than that of the 2A sub-region, the in-plane birefringence of the 3A sub-region is smaller than that of the 2A sub-region, and an in-plane birefringence of the 1B sub-region is the same as that of the 3B sub-region, smaller than that of the 1A sub-region and larger than that of the 3A sub-region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device may include a first substrate; a second substrate; a first polarizing plate on the first substrate; a second polarizing plate arranged on the second substrate, and so that a direction of an absorption axis of the second polarizing plate being perpendicular to a direction of an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate; a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter layer arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the first or the second substrate, the color filter layer having a plurality of pixels of two or more colors. The retardation thin film has in-plane birefringence index satisfying 0.75??n[fr]/?d[fr]?1.35 for a region corresponding to a reflection part of a pixel and satisfying ?n[t]<1.2 ×10?3 for a region corresponding to a transmission part of a pixel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device may include a first substrate; a second substrate; a first polarizing plate on the first substrate; a second polarizing plate arranged on the second substrate, and so that a direction of an absorption axis of the second polarizing plate being perpendicular to a direction of an absorption axis of the first polarizing plate; a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter layer arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the first or the second substrate, the color filter layer having a plurality of pixels of two or more colors. The retardation thin film has in-plane birefringence index satisfying 0.75??n[fr]/?d[fr]?1.35 for a region corresponding to a reflection part of a pixel and satisfying ?n[t]<1.2×10?3 for a region corresponding to a transmission part of a pixel.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a color filter including a substrate, and at least three color pixels disposed thereon, the method includes determining an oblique visibility of a liquid crystal display device equipped with the color filter on the basis of value ?1 obtained from the equation (1): ?1=?ab?(?)·T(?)d???(1) wherein “a” and “b” are values respectively representing a wavelength range of a continuous wavelength light and satisfying conditions of 380?a, b?780 and a<b; ?(?) represents an optical retardation obtained by irradiating each of color pixels with a continuous wavelength light containing light components with wavelength ? falling within a range of 380 nm to 780 nm at an incident angle, and subjecting the transmitted light to measurement using a spectroscopic ellipsometer, and T(?) represents a spectral transmittance of the color pixels measured at the wavelength ? falling within a range of 380 nm-780 nm.

Abstract: A retardation layer that includes regions causing different retardations can be manufactured easily. A retardation substrate includes a substrate and a solidified liquid crystal layer supported by the substrate. The solidified liquid crystal layer includes first to third regions. The first to third regions re arranged on the substrate and different in degree of orientation of mesogens.